Cargando…

Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance

The consumption of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat (LCHF) diet increases skeletal muscle fat utilization but impairs exercise economy. Whether the concomitant increase in circulating endogenous ketone bodies (KB) alters the capacity to metabolize exogenous ketone supplements such as the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: WHITFIELD, JAMIE, BURKE, LOUISE M., MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A., HEIKURA, IDA A., HALL, REBECCA, FENSHAM, NIKITA, SHARMA, AVISH P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33027214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517
_version_ 1783666194524405760
author WHITFIELD, JAMIE
BURKE, LOUISE M.
MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A.
HEIKURA, IDA A.
HALL, REBECCA
FENSHAM, NIKITA
SHARMA, AVISH P.
author_facet WHITFIELD, JAMIE
BURKE, LOUISE M.
MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A.
HEIKURA, IDA A.
HALL, REBECCA
FENSHAM, NIKITA
SHARMA, AVISH P.
author_sort WHITFIELD, JAMIE
collection PubMed
description The consumption of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat (LCHF) diet increases skeletal muscle fat utilization but impairs exercise economy. Whether the concomitant increase in circulating endogenous ketone bodies (KB) alters the capacity to metabolize exogenous ketone supplements such as the popular ketone monoester is unknown. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine if LCHF and ketone ester (KE) supplementation can synergistically alter exercise metabolism and improve performance. METHODS: Elite race walkers (n = 18, 15 males and 3 females; V˙O(2peak), 62 ± 6 mL·min(−1)·kg(−1)) undertook a four-stage exercise economy test and real-life 10,000-m race before and after a 5-d isoenergetic high-CHO (HCHO, ~60%–65% fat; CHO, 20% fat; n = 9) or LCHF (75%–80% fat, <50 g·d(−1) CHO, n = 9) diet. The LCHF group performed additional economy tests before and after diet after supplementation with 573 mg·kg(−1) body mass KE (HVMN; HVMN Inc., San Francisco, CA), which was also consumed for race 2. RESULTS: The oxygen cost of exercise (relative V˙O(2), mL·min(−1)·kg(−1)) increased across all four stages after LCHF (P < 0.005). This occurred in association with increased fat oxidation rates, with a reciprocal decrease in CHO oxidation (P < 0.001). Substrate utilization in the HCHO group remained unaltered. The consumption of KE before the LCHF diet increased circulating KB (P < 0.05), peaking at 3.2 ± 0.6 mM, but did not alter V˙O(2) or RER. LCHF diet elevated resting circulating KB (0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.1 ± 0.1 mM), but concentrations after supplementation did not differ from the earlier ketone trial. Critically, race performance was impaired by ~6% (P < 0.0001) relative to baseline in the LCHF group but was unaltered in HCHO. CONCLUSION: Despite elevating endogenous KB production, an LCHF diet does not augment the metabolic responses to KE supplementation and negatively affects race performance.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7969177
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79691772021-03-29 Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance WHITFIELD, JAMIE BURKE, LOUISE M. MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A. HEIKURA, IDA A. HALL, REBECCA FENSHAM, NIKITA SHARMA, AVISH P. Med Sci Sports Exerc Applied Sciences The consumption of a ketogenic low-carbohydrate (CHO), high-fat (LCHF) diet increases skeletal muscle fat utilization but impairs exercise economy. Whether the concomitant increase in circulating endogenous ketone bodies (KB) alters the capacity to metabolize exogenous ketone supplements such as the popular ketone monoester is unknown. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine if LCHF and ketone ester (KE) supplementation can synergistically alter exercise metabolism and improve performance. METHODS: Elite race walkers (n = 18, 15 males and 3 females; V˙O(2peak), 62 ± 6 mL·min(−1)·kg(−1)) undertook a four-stage exercise economy test and real-life 10,000-m race before and after a 5-d isoenergetic high-CHO (HCHO, ~60%–65% fat; CHO, 20% fat; n = 9) or LCHF (75%–80% fat, <50 g·d(−1) CHO, n = 9) diet. The LCHF group performed additional economy tests before and after diet after supplementation with 573 mg·kg(−1) body mass KE (HVMN; HVMN Inc., San Francisco, CA), which was also consumed for race 2. RESULTS: The oxygen cost of exercise (relative V˙O(2), mL·min(−1)·kg(−1)) increased across all four stages after LCHF (P < 0.005). This occurred in association with increased fat oxidation rates, with a reciprocal decrease in CHO oxidation (P < 0.001). Substrate utilization in the HCHO group remained unaltered. The consumption of KE before the LCHF diet increased circulating KB (P < 0.05), peaking at 3.2 ± 0.6 mM, but did not alter V˙O(2) or RER. LCHF diet elevated resting circulating KB (0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.1 ± 0.1 mM), but concentrations after supplementation did not differ from the earlier ketone trial. Critically, race performance was impaired by ~6% (P < 0.0001) relative to baseline in the LCHF group but was unaltered in HCHO. CONCLUSION: Despite elevating endogenous KB production, an LCHF diet does not augment the metabolic responses to KE supplementation and negatively affects race performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2021-04 2020-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7969177/ /pubmed/33027214 http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517 Text en Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Sports Medicine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
spellingShingle Applied Sciences
WHITFIELD, JAMIE
BURKE, LOUISE M.
MCKAY, ALANNAH K. A.
HEIKURA, IDA A.
HALL, REBECCA
FENSHAM, NIKITA
SHARMA, AVISH P.
Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance
title Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance
title_full Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance
title_fullStr Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance
title_full_unstemmed Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance
title_short Acute Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Ester Supplementation Impairs Race Walk Performance
title_sort acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance
topic Applied Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33027214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517
work_keys_str_mv AT whitfieldjamie acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance
AT burkelouisem acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance
AT mckayalannahka acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance
AT heikuraidaa acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance
AT hallrebecca acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance
AT fenshamnikita acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance
AT sharmaavishp acuteketogenicdietandketoneestersupplementationimpairsracewalkperformance