Delayed periprosthetic seroma in a male Poland syndrome patient: A case report

RATIONALE: Custom-made implant is an accepted treatment option for treatment of chest deformity in Poland syndrome. Unlike the raised concerns and awareness for the long-term consequences of breast implants, the long-term complications of customized implants for special purposes like Poland syndrome has not been reported in the literature. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 44-year-old male with Poland syndrome presented to our institution complaining of a large bulge and fluctuation on the right chest wall. This occurred after 14 years from the initial implant surgery for correction of chest wall deformity. Upon failure of resolution by multiple aspirations, workup was carried out under suspicion of implant associated malignancy. INTERVENTION: Total Capsulectomy and implant removal was done. OUTCOMES: Histology revealed chronic inflammation with fibrosis. Implant-associated malignancy was not found. He is being followed up with no signs of recurrence. LESSONS: For rare cases of implant insertion such as Poland syndrome, awareness of delayed complications and workups based on suspicion of implant-associated malignancy is needed. Surgeon awareness and patient education is required.