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Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway

The sediments in the Grenland fjords in southern Norway are heavily contaminated by large emissions of dioxins and mercury from historic industrial activities. As a possible in situ remediation option, thin-layer sediment surface capping with powdered activated carbon (AC) mixed with clay was applie...

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Autores principales: Raymond, Caroline, Samuelsson, Göran S, Agrenius, Stefan, Schaanning, Morten T, Gunnarsson, Jonas S
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33269443
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11607-0
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author Raymond, Caroline
Samuelsson, Göran S
Agrenius, Stefan
Schaanning, Morten T
Gunnarsson, Jonas S
author_facet Raymond, Caroline
Samuelsson, Göran S
Agrenius, Stefan
Schaanning, Morten T
Gunnarsson, Jonas S
author_sort Raymond, Caroline
collection PubMed
description The sediments in the Grenland fjords in southern Norway are heavily contaminated by large emissions of dioxins and mercury from historic industrial activities. As a possible in situ remediation option, thin-layer sediment surface capping with powdered activated carbon (AC) mixed with clay was applied at two large test sites (10,000 and 40,000 m(2)) at 30-m and 95-m depths, respectively, in 2009. This paper describes the long-term biological effects of the AC treatment on marine benthic communities up to 4 years after treatment. Our results show that the capping with AC strongly reduced the benthic species diversity, abundance, and biomass by up to 90%. Vital functions in the benthic ecosystem such as particle reworking and bioirrigation of the sediment were also reduced, analyzed by using novel bioturbation and bioirrigation indices (BP(c), BIP(c), and IP(c)). Much of the initial effects observed after 1 and 14 months were still present after 49 months, indicating that the effects are long-lasting. These long-lasting negative ecological effects should be carefully considered before decisions are made on sediment remediation with powdered AC, especially in large areas, since important ecosystem functions can be impaired. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-020-11607-0.
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spelling pubmed-79695612021-04-05 Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway Raymond, Caroline Samuelsson, Göran S Agrenius, Stefan Schaanning, Morten T Gunnarsson, Jonas S Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article The sediments in the Grenland fjords in southern Norway are heavily contaminated by large emissions of dioxins and mercury from historic industrial activities. As a possible in situ remediation option, thin-layer sediment surface capping with powdered activated carbon (AC) mixed with clay was applied at two large test sites (10,000 and 40,000 m(2)) at 30-m and 95-m depths, respectively, in 2009. This paper describes the long-term biological effects of the AC treatment on marine benthic communities up to 4 years after treatment. Our results show that the capping with AC strongly reduced the benthic species diversity, abundance, and biomass by up to 90%. Vital functions in the benthic ecosystem such as particle reworking and bioirrigation of the sediment were also reduced, analyzed by using novel bioturbation and bioirrigation indices (BP(c), BIP(c), and IP(c)). Much of the initial effects observed after 1 and 14 months were still present after 49 months, indicating that the effects are long-lasting. These long-lasting negative ecological effects should be carefully considered before decisions are made on sediment remediation with powdered AC, especially in large areas, since important ecosystem functions can be impaired. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-020-11607-0. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-12-02 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7969561/ /pubmed/33269443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11607-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Research Article
Raymond, Caroline
Samuelsson, Göran S
Agrenius, Stefan
Schaanning, Morten T
Gunnarsson, Jonas S
Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway
title Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway
title_full Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway
title_fullStr Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway
title_full_unstemmed Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway
title_short Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway
title_sort impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the grenland fjords, norway
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33269443
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11607-0
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