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Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State
Complement, a feature of the innate immune system that targets pathogens for phagocytic clearance and promotes inflammation, is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host tissue. This regulation is paramount in the central nervous system (CNS) since complement proteins degrade neuronal synapses dur...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969890/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746710 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2021.620090 |
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author | Peoples, Nicholas Strang, Candace |
author_facet | Peoples, Nicholas Strang, Candace |
author_sort | Peoples, Nicholas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Complement, a feature of the innate immune system that targets pathogens for phagocytic clearance and promotes inflammation, is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host tissue. This regulation is paramount in the central nervous system (CNS) since complement proteins degrade neuronal synapses during development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. We propose that dysregulated complement, particularly C1 or C3b, may errantly target synapses for immune-mediated clearance, therefore highlighting regulatory failure as a major potential mediator of neurological disease. First, we explore the mechanics of molecular neuroimmune relationships for the regulatory proteins: Complement Receptor 1, C1-Inhibitor, Factor H, and the CUB-sushi multiple domain family. We propose that biophysical and chemical principles offer clues for understanding mechanisms of dysregulation. Second, we describe anticipated effects to CNS disease processes (particularly Alzheimer's Disease) and nest our ideas within existing basic science, clinical, and epidemiological findings. Finally, we illustrate how the concepts presented within this manuscript provoke new ways of approaching age-old neurodegenerative processes. Every component of this model is testable by straightforward experimentation and highlights the untapped potential of complement dysregulation as a driver of CNS disease. This includes a putative role for complement-based neurotherapeutic agents and companion biomarkers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7969890 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79698902021-03-19 Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State Peoples, Nicholas Strang, Candace Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Complement, a feature of the innate immune system that targets pathogens for phagocytic clearance and promotes inflammation, is tightly regulated to prevent damage to host tissue. This regulation is paramount in the central nervous system (CNS) since complement proteins degrade neuronal synapses during development, homeostasis, and neurodegeneration. We propose that dysregulated complement, particularly C1 or C3b, may errantly target synapses for immune-mediated clearance, therefore highlighting regulatory failure as a major potential mediator of neurological disease. First, we explore the mechanics of molecular neuroimmune relationships for the regulatory proteins: Complement Receptor 1, C1-Inhibitor, Factor H, and the CUB-sushi multiple domain family. We propose that biophysical and chemical principles offer clues for understanding mechanisms of dysregulation. Second, we describe anticipated effects to CNS disease processes (particularly Alzheimer's Disease) and nest our ideas within existing basic science, clinical, and epidemiological findings. Finally, we illustrate how the concepts presented within this manuscript provoke new ways of approaching age-old neurodegenerative processes. Every component of this model is testable by straightforward experimentation and highlights the untapped potential of complement dysregulation as a driver of CNS disease. This includes a putative role for complement-based neurotherapeutic agents and companion biomarkers. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7969890/ /pubmed/33746710 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2021.620090 Text en Copyright © 2021 Peoples and Strang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Peoples, Nicholas Strang, Candace Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State |
title | Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State |
title_full | Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State |
title_fullStr | Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State |
title_full_unstemmed | Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State |
title_short | Complement Activation in the Central Nervous System: A Biophysical Model for Immune Dysregulation in the Disease State |
title_sort | complement activation in the central nervous system: a biophysical model for immune dysregulation in the disease state |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7969890/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746710 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2021.620090 |
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