Correlation of quantitative diffusion weighted MR imaging between benign, malignant chondrogenic and malignant non-chondrogenic bone tumors with histopathologic type

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the diffusion on weighted imaging which may help in providing characterization of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values in benign, malignant chondrogenic and malignant non-chondrogenic bone tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study with 84 samples was conducted from October 2017 to December 2019. The samples consisted of 44 males and 40 females; the age range of 10–73 years (mean age of 32.7 years old). A Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) utilizes a single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence technique with the 3T MR Scanner. We classified the types of tumors into benign, malignant chondrogenic and malignant non-chondrogenic bone tumors. The mean of ADC values from the area with lowest ADC values was selected for statistical analysis. ADC values were compared between benign, malignant chondrogenic and malignant non-chondrogenic bone tumors. Therefore, Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was done to determine optimal cut-off values. The correlation of ADC values between benign, malignant chondrogenic and malignant non-chondrogenic bone tumor with histopathologic type was also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean of ADC values from the area of benign, malignant chondrogenic and malignant non-chondrogenic bone tumor were 1.55 × 10(−3) mm(2)/s, 1.84 × 10(−3) mm(2)/s and 1.12 × 10(−3) mm(2)/s respectively. As a matter of fact, there was a significant difference between benign and malignant bone tumor with cut-off value of 1.15 × 10(−3) mm(2)/s and had a sensitivity of 82%, and a specificity of 92.3%. Moreover, a significant correlation was also found between ADC values with the histopathology type of bone tumors. CONCLUSION: The ADC values of benign and malignant (chondrogenic and non-chondrogenic groups) bone tumors are different. Thus, the measurement of ADC values improves the accuracy of the diagnosis of bone tumors.