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The granuloma in cryptococcal disease
Although we have recognized cryptococcosis as a disease entity for well over 100 years, there are many details about its pathogenesis which remain unknown. A major barrier to better understanding is the very broad range of clinical and pathological forms cryptococcal infections can take. One such fo...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7971563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33735307 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009342 |
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author | Ristow, Laura C. Davis, J. Muse |
author_facet | Ristow, Laura C. Davis, J. Muse |
author_sort | Ristow, Laura C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although we have recognized cryptococcosis as a disease entity for well over 100 years, there are many details about its pathogenesis which remain unknown. A major barrier to better understanding is the very broad range of clinical and pathological forms cryptococcal infections can take. One such form has been historically called the cryptococcal granuloma, or the cryptococcoma. These words have been used to describe essentially any mass lesion associated with infection, due to their presumed similarity to the quintessential granuloma, the tubercle in tuberculosis. Although clear distinctions between tuberculosis and cryptococcal disease have been discovered, cellular and molecular studies still confirm some important parallels between these 2 diseases and what we now call granulomatous inflammation. In this review, we shall sketch out some of the history behind the term “granuloma” as it pertains to cryptococcal disease, explore our current understanding of the biology of granuloma formation, and try to place that understanding in the context of the myriad pathological presentations of this infection. Finally, we shall summarize the role of the granuloma in cryptococcal latency and present opportunities for future investigations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7971563 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79715632021-03-31 The granuloma in cryptococcal disease Ristow, Laura C. Davis, J. Muse PLoS Pathog Pearls Although we have recognized cryptococcosis as a disease entity for well over 100 years, there are many details about its pathogenesis which remain unknown. A major barrier to better understanding is the very broad range of clinical and pathological forms cryptococcal infections can take. One such form has been historically called the cryptococcal granuloma, or the cryptococcoma. These words have been used to describe essentially any mass lesion associated with infection, due to their presumed similarity to the quintessential granuloma, the tubercle in tuberculosis. Although clear distinctions between tuberculosis and cryptococcal disease have been discovered, cellular and molecular studies still confirm some important parallels between these 2 diseases and what we now call granulomatous inflammation. In this review, we shall sketch out some of the history behind the term “granuloma” as it pertains to cryptococcal disease, explore our current understanding of the biology of granuloma formation, and try to place that understanding in the context of the myriad pathological presentations of this infection. Finally, we shall summarize the role of the granuloma in cryptococcal latency and present opportunities for future investigations. Public Library of Science 2021-03-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7971563/ /pubmed/33735307 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009342 Text en © 2021 Ristow, Davis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Pearls Ristow, Laura C. Davis, J. Muse The granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
title | The granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
title_full | The granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
title_fullStr | The granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
title_short | The granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
title_sort | granuloma in cryptococcal disease |
topic | Pearls |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7971563/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33735307 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009342 |
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