Clinical characteristics and risk factors of intestinal involvement in Behçet’s syndrome patients: a cross-sectional study from a single center

BACKGROUND: Intestinal Behçet’s syndrome (BS) has high morbidity and mortality rates with serious complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of intestinal and mucocutaneous BS patients and analyze the risk factors of intestinal involvement in BS patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was used to collect the demographic data and laboratory parameters from 97 intestinal and 154 mucocutaneous BS patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors of intestinal involvement in BS patients. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestations of first onset in intestinal BS patients were oral ulceration (100.00%), followed by genital ulcers (62.89%) and erythema nodule (28.87%), gastrointestinal lesions (28.87%), pseudofolliculitis (25.77%), fever (17.53%), arthritis (16.49%), ocular involvement (5.15%), while the least common were vascular involvement (2.06%) and hematologic involvement involvement (2.06%). The most common intestinal segment involved in intestinal BS patients was terminal ileum (30.9%), followed by ileocecal (18.6%), colon (15.5%). By univariate logistic regression analysis, gender, age at hospitalization, age of disease onset, BDCAF, T-SPOT, fever, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin (HGB), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, serum amyloid A, complement 3, albumin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were found all risk factors of intestinal involvement in BS patients (P < 0.05 or P = 0.00). Moreover, gender (male), BDCAF (≥ 2), ESR (≥ 15 mm/H), CRP (> 10 mg/L), HGB (< 130 g/L) and IL-6 (> 7 pg/ml) were found the independent risk factors of intestinal involvement in BS patients (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: More attention shall be paid to gender, BDCAF, ESR, CRP, HGB and IL-6 in BS patients. When gender (male), BDCAF (≥ 2), ESR (≥ 15 mm/H), CRP (> 10 mg/L), HGB (< 130 g/L) and IL-6 (> 7 pg/ml) being observed, it may reminds that the presence of intestinal involvement in BS patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01772-x.