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Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis

Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which induces persistent diarrhea and cachexia. JD causes huge economic losses to the dairy industry due to reduced milk production and premature culling. Infected...

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Autores principales: Park, Hyun-Eui, Park, Jin-Sik, Park, Hong-Tae, Choi, Jeong-Gyu, Shin, Jeong-Ih, Jung, Myunghwan, Kang, Hyung-Lyun, Baik, Seung-Chul, Lee, Woo-Kon, Kim, Donghyuk, Yoo, Han Sang, Shin, Min-Kyoung
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33748212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.637716
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author Park, Hyun-Eui
Park, Jin-Sik
Park, Hong-Tae
Choi, Jeong-Gyu
Shin, Jeong-Ih
Jung, Myunghwan
Kang, Hyung-Lyun
Baik, Seung-Chul
Lee, Woo-Kon
Kim, Donghyuk
Yoo, Han Sang
Shin, Min-Kyoung
author_facet Park, Hyun-Eui
Park, Jin-Sik
Park, Hong-Tae
Choi, Jeong-Gyu
Shin, Jeong-Ih
Jung, Myunghwan
Kang, Hyung-Lyun
Baik, Seung-Chul
Lee, Woo-Kon
Kim, Donghyuk
Yoo, Han Sang
Shin, Min-Kyoung
author_sort Park, Hyun-Eui
collection PubMed
description Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which induces persistent diarrhea and cachexia. JD causes huge economic losses to the dairy industry due to reduced milk production and premature culling. Infected animals excrete MAP via feces during the prolonged subclinical stage without exhibiting any clinical signs. Therefore, accurate detection of subclinical stage animals is crucial for successful eradication of JD in the herd. In the current study, we analyzed serum samples of MAP-infected and non-infected cattle to identify potential biomarker candidates. First, we identified 12 differentially expressed serum proteins in subclinical and clinical shedder groups compared to the healthy control group. Second, we conducted ELISA for three selected biomarkers (alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), alpha-1-beta glycoprotein, and transthyretin) and compared their diagnostic performance with that of two commercial ELISA diagnostic kits. Serum A2M levels were significantly higher in the MAP-exposed, subclinical shedder, subclinical non-shedder, and clinical shedder groups than in the healthy control group, suggesting its possible use as a diagnostic biomarker for MAP infection. Furthermore, A2M demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.4%, and a specificity of 100% while the two commercial ELISA kits demonstrated a sensitivity of 67.83 and 73.04% and a specificity of 100%, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that measuring A2M by ELISA can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect MAP infection, considerably improving the detection rate of subclinical shedders and MAP-exposed animals that are undetectable using current diagnostic tools.
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spelling pubmed-79730282021-03-20 Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis Park, Hyun-Eui Park, Jin-Sik Park, Hong-Tae Choi, Jeong-Gyu Shin, Jeong-Ih Jung, Myunghwan Kang, Hyung-Lyun Baik, Seung-Chul Lee, Woo-Kon Kim, Donghyuk Yoo, Han Sang Shin, Min-Kyoung Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), which induces persistent diarrhea and cachexia. JD causes huge economic losses to the dairy industry due to reduced milk production and premature culling. Infected animals excrete MAP via feces during the prolonged subclinical stage without exhibiting any clinical signs. Therefore, accurate detection of subclinical stage animals is crucial for successful eradication of JD in the herd. In the current study, we analyzed serum samples of MAP-infected and non-infected cattle to identify potential biomarker candidates. First, we identified 12 differentially expressed serum proteins in subclinical and clinical shedder groups compared to the healthy control group. Second, we conducted ELISA for three selected biomarkers (alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M), alpha-1-beta glycoprotein, and transthyretin) and compared their diagnostic performance with that of two commercial ELISA diagnostic kits. Serum A2M levels were significantly higher in the MAP-exposed, subclinical shedder, subclinical non-shedder, and clinical shedder groups than in the healthy control group, suggesting its possible use as a diagnostic biomarker for MAP infection. Furthermore, A2M demonstrated a sensitivity of 90.4%, and a specificity of 100% while the two commercial ELISA kits demonstrated a sensitivity of 67.83 and 73.04% and a specificity of 100%, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that measuring A2M by ELISA can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect MAP infection, considerably improving the detection rate of subclinical shedders and MAP-exposed animals that are undetectable using current diagnostic tools. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7973028/ /pubmed/33748212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.637716 Text en Copyright © 2021 Park, Park, Park, Choi, Shin, Jung, Kang, Baik, Lee, Kim, Yoo and Shin. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Park, Hyun-Eui
Park, Jin-Sik
Park, Hong-Tae
Choi, Jeong-Gyu
Shin, Jeong-Ih
Jung, Myunghwan
Kang, Hyung-Lyun
Baik, Seung-Chul
Lee, Woo-Kon
Kim, Donghyuk
Yoo, Han Sang
Shin, Min-Kyoung
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis
title Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis
title_full Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis
title_fullStr Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis
title_full_unstemmed Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis
title_short Alpha-2-Macroglobulin as a New Promising Biomarker Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Bovine Paratuberculosis
title_sort alpha-2-macroglobulin as a new promising biomarker improving the diagnostic sensitivity of bovine paratuberculosis
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973028/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33748212
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.637716
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