Cargando…
Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adve...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973118/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140 |
_version_ | 1783666780609183744 |
---|---|
author | Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo Lengert, André van Helvoort Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto Brisotti, João Luiz Gomes, Eleni de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela |
author_facet | Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo Lengert, André van Helvoort Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto Brisotti, João Luiz Gomes, Eleni de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela |
author_sort | Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism. Here, we evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated this data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples from 40 patients with HT and 53 controls were analyzed using real-time PCR, the serum cytokine levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, zonulin concentrations by ELISA, and the dietary habits were recorded by a food frequency questionnaire. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Bacteroides species and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in samples of patients with HT. In addition, Lactobacillus species were higher in patients without thyroid hormone replacement, compared with those who use oral levothyroxine. Regarding dietary habits, we demonstrated that there are significant differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, animal-derived proteins, dairy products, saturated fats, and carbohydrates between patients and control group, and an inverse correlation between animal-derived protein and Bacteroides genus was detected. The microbiota modulation by diet directly influences the inflammatory profile due to the generated microbiota metabolites and their direct or indirect action on immune cells in the gut mucosa. Although there are no differences in systemic cytokines in our patients with HT, we detected increased zonulin concentrations, suggesting a leaky gut in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the development and progression of HT, while further investigations to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the diet–microbiota–immune system axis are still needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7973118 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79731182021-03-20 Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo Lengert, André van Helvoort Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto Brisotti, João Luiz Gomes, Eleni de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela Front Immunol Immunology Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism. Here, we evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated this data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples from 40 patients with HT and 53 controls were analyzed using real-time PCR, the serum cytokine levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, zonulin concentrations by ELISA, and the dietary habits were recorded by a food frequency questionnaire. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Bacteroides species and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in samples of patients with HT. In addition, Lactobacillus species were higher in patients without thyroid hormone replacement, compared with those who use oral levothyroxine. Regarding dietary habits, we demonstrated that there are significant differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, animal-derived proteins, dairy products, saturated fats, and carbohydrates between patients and control group, and an inverse correlation between animal-derived protein and Bacteroides genus was detected. The microbiota modulation by diet directly influences the inflammatory profile due to the generated microbiota metabolites and their direct or indirect action on immune cells in the gut mucosa. Although there are no differences in systemic cytokines in our patients with HT, we detected increased zonulin concentrations, suggesting a leaky gut in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the development and progression of HT, while further investigations to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the diet–microbiota–immune system axis are still needed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7973118/ /pubmed/33746942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140 Text en Copyright © 2021 Cayres, de Salis, Rodrigues, Lengert, Biondi, Sargentini, Brisotti, Gomes and de Oliveira. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo Lengert, André van Helvoort Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto Brisotti, João Luiz Gomes, Eleni de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis |
title | Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis |
title_full | Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis |
title_fullStr | Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis |
title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis |
title_short | Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis |
title_sort | detection of alterations in the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in patients with hashimoto thyroiditis |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973118/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT cayresleonardocesardefreitas detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT desalislarissavedovatovilela detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT rodriguesguilhermesiqueirapardo detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT lengertandrevanhelvoort detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT biondianapaulacustodio detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT sargentinilarissadonadelbarreto detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT brisottijoaoluiz detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT gomeseleni detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis AT deoliveiragislanelelisvilela detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis |