Cargando…

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adve...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas, de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela, Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo, Lengert, André van Helvoort, Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio, Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto, Brisotti, João Luiz, Gomes, Eleni, de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973118/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746942
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140
_version_ 1783666780609183744
author Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas
de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela
Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo
Lengert, André van Helvoort
Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio
Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto
Brisotti, João Luiz
Gomes, Eleni
de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela
author_facet Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas
de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela
Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo
Lengert, André van Helvoort
Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio
Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto
Brisotti, João Luiz
Gomes, Eleni
de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela
author_sort Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas
collection PubMed
description Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism. Here, we evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated this data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples from 40 patients with HT and 53 controls were analyzed using real-time PCR, the serum cytokine levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, zonulin concentrations by ELISA, and the dietary habits were recorded by a food frequency questionnaire. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Bacteroides species and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in samples of patients with HT. In addition, Lactobacillus species were higher in patients without thyroid hormone replacement, compared with those who use oral levothyroxine. Regarding dietary habits, we demonstrated that there are significant differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, animal-derived proteins, dairy products, saturated fats, and carbohydrates between patients and control group, and an inverse correlation between animal-derived protein and Bacteroides genus was detected. The microbiota modulation by diet directly influences the inflammatory profile due to the generated microbiota metabolites and their direct or indirect action on immune cells in the gut mucosa. Although there are no differences in systemic cytokines in our patients with HT, we detected increased zonulin concentrations, suggesting a leaky gut in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the development and progression of HT, while further investigations to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the diet–microbiota–immune system axis are still needed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7973118
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79731182021-03-20 Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo Lengert, André van Helvoort Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto Brisotti, João Luiz Gomes, Eleni de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela Front Immunol Immunology Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism. Here, we evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated this data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples from 40 patients with HT and 53 controls were analyzed using real-time PCR, the serum cytokine levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, zonulin concentrations by ELISA, and the dietary habits were recorded by a food frequency questionnaire. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Bacteroides species and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in samples of patients with HT. In addition, Lactobacillus species were higher in patients without thyroid hormone replacement, compared with those who use oral levothyroxine. Regarding dietary habits, we demonstrated that there are significant differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, animal-derived proteins, dairy products, saturated fats, and carbohydrates between patients and control group, and an inverse correlation between animal-derived protein and Bacteroides genus was detected. The microbiota modulation by diet directly influences the inflammatory profile due to the generated microbiota metabolites and their direct or indirect action on immune cells in the gut mucosa. Although there are no differences in systemic cytokines in our patients with HT, we detected increased zonulin concentrations, suggesting a leaky gut in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the development and progression of HT, while further investigations to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the diet–microbiota–immune system axis are still needed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7973118/ /pubmed/33746942 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140 Text en Copyright © 2021 Cayres, de Salis, Rodrigues, Lengert, Biondi, Sargentini, Brisotti, Gomes and de Oliveira. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Cayres, Leonardo César de Freitas
de Salis, Larissa Vedovato Vilela
Rodrigues, Guilherme Siqueira Pardo
Lengert, André van Helvoort
Biondi, Ana Paula Custódio
Sargentini, Larissa Donadel Barreto
Brisotti, João Luiz
Gomes, Eleni
de Oliveira, Gislane Lelis Vilela
Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
title Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
title_full Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
title_fullStr Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
title_short Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
title_sort detection of alterations in the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability in patients with hashimoto thyroiditis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7973118/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33746942
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.579140
work_keys_str_mv AT cayresleonardocesardefreitas detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT desalislarissavedovatovilela detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT rodriguesguilhermesiqueirapardo detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT lengertandrevanhelvoort detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT biondianapaulacustodio detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT sargentinilarissadonadelbarreto detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT brisottijoaoluiz detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT gomeseleni detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis
AT deoliveiragislanelelisvilela detectionofalterationsinthegutmicrobiotaandintestinalpermeabilityinpatientswithhashimotothyroiditis