Emerging roles and mechanisms of microRNA-222-3p in human cancer (Review)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that maintain the precise balance of various physiological processes through regulating the function of target mRNAs. Dysregulation of miRNAs is closely associated with various types of human cancer. miR-222-3p is considered a canonical factor affecting the expression and signal transduction of multiple genes involved in tumor occurrence and progression. miR-222-3p in human biofluids, such as urine and plasma, may be a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of tumors. In addition, miR-222-3p acts as a prognostic factor for the survival of patients with cancer. The present review first summarizes and discusses the role of miR-222-3p as a biomarker for diverse types of cancers, and then focuses on its essential roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Finally, the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of miR-222-3p at the molecular level are summarized. Overall, the current evidence highlights the crucial role of miR-222-3p in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.