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Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages

BACKGROUND: Cryptoendolithic communities are microbial ecosystems dwelling inside porous rocks that are able to persist at the edge of the biological potential for life in the ice-free areas of the Antarctic desert. These regions include the McMurdo Dry Valleys, often accounted as the closest terres...

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Autores principales: Albanese, Davide, Coleine, Claudia, Rota-Stabelli, Omar, Onofri, Silvano, Tringe, Susannah G., Stajich, Jason E., Selbmann, Laura, Donati, Claudio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7980648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33741058
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0
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author Albanese, Davide
Coleine, Claudia
Rota-Stabelli, Omar
Onofri, Silvano
Tringe, Susannah G.
Stajich, Jason E.
Selbmann, Laura
Donati, Claudio
author_facet Albanese, Davide
Coleine, Claudia
Rota-Stabelli, Omar
Onofri, Silvano
Tringe, Susannah G.
Stajich, Jason E.
Selbmann, Laura
Donati, Claudio
author_sort Albanese, Davide
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cryptoendolithic communities are microbial ecosystems dwelling inside porous rocks that are able to persist at the edge of the biological potential for life in the ice-free areas of the Antarctic desert. These regions include the McMurdo Dry Valleys, often accounted as the closest terrestrial counterpart of the Martian environment and thought to be devoid of life until the discovery of these cryptic life-forms. Despite their interest as a model for the early colonization by living organisms of terrestrial ecosystems and for adaptation to extreme conditions of stress, little is known about the evolution, diversity, and genetic makeup of bacterial species that reside in these environments. Using the Illumina Novaseq platform, we generated the first metagenomes from rocks collected in Continental Antarctica over a distance of about 350 km along an altitudinal transect from 834 up to 3100 m above sea level (a.s.l.). RESULTS: A total of 497 draft bacterial genome sequences were assembled and clustered into 269 candidate species that lack a representative genome in public databases. Actinobacteria represent the most abundant phylum, followed by Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria. The “Candidatus Jiangella antarctica” has been recorded across all samples, suggesting a high adaptation and specialization of this species to the harshest Antarctic desert environment. The majority of these new species belong to monophyletic bacterial clades that diverged from related taxa in a range from 1.2 billion to 410 Ma and are functionally distinct from known related taxa. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings significantly increase the repertoire of genomic data for several taxa and, to date, represent the first example of bacterial genomes recovered from endolithic communities. Their ancient origin seems to not be related to the geological history of the continent, rather they may represent evolutionary remnants of pristine clades that evolved across the Tonian glaciation. These unique genomic resources will underpin future studies on the structure, evolution, and function of these ecosystems at the edge of life. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0.
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spelling pubmed-79806482021-03-22 Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages Albanese, Davide Coleine, Claudia Rota-Stabelli, Omar Onofri, Silvano Tringe, Susannah G. Stajich, Jason E. Selbmann, Laura Donati, Claudio Microbiome Research BACKGROUND: Cryptoendolithic communities are microbial ecosystems dwelling inside porous rocks that are able to persist at the edge of the biological potential for life in the ice-free areas of the Antarctic desert. These regions include the McMurdo Dry Valleys, often accounted as the closest terrestrial counterpart of the Martian environment and thought to be devoid of life until the discovery of these cryptic life-forms. Despite their interest as a model for the early colonization by living organisms of terrestrial ecosystems and for adaptation to extreme conditions of stress, little is known about the evolution, diversity, and genetic makeup of bacterial species that reside in these environments. Using the Illumina Novaseq platform, we generated the first metagenomes from rocks collected in Continental Antarctica over a distance of about 350 km along an altitudinal transect from 834 up to 3100 m above sea level (a.s.l.). RESULTS: A total of 497 draft bacterial genome sequences were assembled and clustered into 269 candidate species that lack a representative genome in public databases. Actinobacteria represent the most abundant phylum, followed by Chloroflexi and Proteobacteria. The “Candidatus Jiangella antarctica” has been recorded across all samples, suggesting a high adaptation and specialization of this species to the harshest Antarctic desert environment. The majority of these new species belong to monophyletic bacterial clades that diverged from related taxa in a range from 1.2 billion to 410 Ma and are functionally distinct from known related taxa. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings significantly increase the repertoire of genomic data for several taxa and, to date, represent the first example of bacterial genomes recovered from endolithic communities. Their ancient origin seems to not be related to the geological history of the continent, rather they may represent evolutionary remnants of pristine clades that evolved across the Tonian glaciation. These unique genomic resources will underpin future studies on the structure, evolution, and function of these ecosystems at the edge of life. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0. BioMed Central 2021-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7980648/ /pubmed/33741058 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Albanese, Davide
Coleine, Claudia
Rota-Stabelli, Omar
Onofri, Silvano
Tringe, Susannah G.
Stajich, Jason E.
Selbmann, Laura
Donati, Claudio
Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
title Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
title_full Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
title_fullStr Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
title_full_unstemmed Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
title_short Pre-Cambrian roots of novel Antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
title_sort pre-cambrian roots of novel antarctic cryptoendolithic bacterial lineages
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7980648/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33741058
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40168-021-01021-0
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