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Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study

BACKGROUND: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the fathers’ health as well as their families. To reduce the fear of childbirth in the expectant fathers, an appropriate screening tool is needed. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionna...

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Autores principales: Ghaffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Sharifnia, Seyed-Hamid, Elyasi, Forouzan, Shahhosseini, Zohreh, Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Zohre
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7981919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33743619
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7
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author Ghaffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh
Sharifnia, Seyed-Hamid
Elyasi, Forouzan
Shahhosseini, Zohreh
Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Zohre
author_facet Ghaffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh
Sharifnia, Seyed-Hamid
Elyasi, Forouzan
Shahhosseini, Zohreh
Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Zohre
author_sort Ghaffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the fathers’ health as well as their families. To reduce the fear of childbirth in the expectant fathers, an appropriate screening tool is needed. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure fathers’ fear of childbirth, this study was conducted to develop the Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: This mixed method study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 expectant fathers, and a literature review was performed to generate the Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), reliability as well as face, content, and construct validity of this scale were evaluated. To establish construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability measures. RESULTS: The primary version of Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items, which were reduced to 17 items while establishing construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, namely fear of childbirth process (12 items) and fear of hospital (5 items). These factors explained 50.82% of the total variance. Goodness of fit indices within the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all the factors were greater than 0.70. CONCLUSION: The Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers. It is a simple report instrument that can be easily implemented by health care professionals. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7.
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spelling pubmed-79819192021-03-22 Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study Ghaffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh Sharifnia, Seyed-Hamid Elyasi, Forouzan Shahhosseini, Zohreh Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Zohre BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Research Article BACKGROUND: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the fathers’ health as well as their families. To reduce the fear of childbirth in the expectant fathers, an appropriate screening tool is needed. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure fathers’ fear of childbirth, this study was conducted to develop the Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: This mixed method study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 expectant fathers, and a literature review was performed to generate the Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), reliability as well as face, content, and construct validity of this scale were evaluated. To establish construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability measures. RESULTS: The primary version of Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items, which were reduced to 17 items while establishing construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, namely fear of childbirth process (12 items) and fear of hospital (5 items). These factors explained 50.82% of the total variance. Goodness of fit indices within the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all the factors were greater than 0.70. CONCLUSION: The Fathers’ Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers. It is a simple report instrument that can be easily implemented by health care professionals. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7. BioMed Central 2021-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7981919/ /pubmed/33743619 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ghaffari, Seyedeh Fatemeh
Sharifnia, Seyed-Hamid
Elyasi, Forouzan
Shahhosseini, Zohreh
Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar, Zohre
Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
title Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
title_full Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
title_fullStr Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
title_full_unstemmed Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
title_short Design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
title_sort design and psychometric evaluation of the fathers’ fear of childbirth scale: a mixed method study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7981919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33743619
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03696-7
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