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Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing

The COVID-19 pandemic tested medical facilities’ readiness in terms of the number of available mechanical ventilators. Most countries raced to stock up on ventilators, which created a surge in demand and short in supply. Furthermore, other means of coping with the demand were proposed, such as using...

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Autores principales: Alwasel, Abdullatif, Zaky, Jean, Alhussaini, Khalid, Alossimi, Bandar, Alharbi, Turki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7982068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052078
http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2020.5165
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author Alwasel, Abdullatif
Zaky, Jean
Alhussaini, Khalid
Alossimi, Bandar
Alharbi, Turki
author_facet Alwasel, Abdullatif
Zaky, Jean
Alhussaini, Khalid
Alossimi, Bandar
Alharbi, Turki
author_sort Alwasel, Abdullatif
collection PubMed
description The COVID-19 pandemic tested medical facilities’ readiness in terms of the number of available mechanical ventilators. Most countries raced to stock up on ventilators, which created a surge in demand and short in supply. Furthermore, other means of coping with the demand were proposed, such as using additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper was to test whether the addition of 3D-printed splitters would help deliver required tidal volume to each patient, while supporting four patients on a single ventilator for 24 hours on pressure mode at 25-cm H(2)O, and to determine whether a fifth patient can be ventilated. The ventilation of four human lungs was simulated using 3D printed parts, a single ventilator, four test-lungs, and standard tubing. Peak pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, total tidal volume, individual tidal volume, total minute volume, and individual tidal volume data were collected. Usage of a 3D printed small size splitter enabled a 26% increase in individual tidal volume compared to standard tubing and a series of two-way splitters. The ventilator was able to supply the required pressure and tidal volume for 24 hours. A single ventilator with a four-way splitter can ventilate four patients experiencing respiratory failure for at least 24 hours without interruption. The equipment cannot sustain ventilating a fifth patient owing to minute volume limitation. This study expands on an earlier study that tested similar circuitry and reveals that the desired individual tidal volume is achieved. However, further research is required to provide the monitoring ability of individual patient parameters and prevention of cross-contamination.
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spelling pubmed-79820682021-04-08 Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing Alwasel, Abdullatif Zaky, Jean Alhussaini, Khalid Alossimi, Bandar Alharbi, Turki Bosn J Basic Med Sci Special Article The COVID-19 pandemic tested medical facilities’ readiness in terms of the number of available mechanical ventilators. Most countries raced to stock up on ventilators, which created a surge in demand and short in supply. Furthermore, other means of coping with the demand were proposed, such as using additive manufacturing. The purpose of this paper was to test whether the addition of 3D-printed splitters would help deliver required tidal volume to each patient, while supporting four patients on a single ventilator for 24 hours on pressure mode at 25-cm H(2)O, and to determine whether a fifth patient can be ventilated. The ventilation of four human lungs was simulated using 3D printed parts, a single ventilator, four test-lungs, and standard tubing. Peak pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure, total tidal volume, individual tidal volume, total minute volume, and individual tidal volume data were collected. Usage of a 3D printed small size splitter enabled a 26% increase in individual tidal volume compared to standard tubing and a series of two-way splitters. The ventilator was able to supply the required pressure and tidal volume for 24 hours. A single ventilator with a four-way splitter can ventilate four patients experiencing respiratory failure for at least 24 hours without interruption. The equipment cannot sustain ventilating a fifth patient owing to minute volume limitation. This study expands on an earlier study that tested similar circuitry and reveals that the desired individual tidal volume is achieved. However, further research is required to provide the monitoring ability of individual patient parameters and prevention of cross-contamination. Association of Basic Medical Sciences of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2021-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7982068/ /pubmed/33052078 http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2020.5165 Text en Copyright: © The Author(s) (2021) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
spellingShingle Special Article
Alwasel, Abdullatif
Zaky, Jean
Alhussaini, Khalid
Alossimi, Bandar
Alharbi, Turki
Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
title Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
title_full Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
title_fullStr Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
title_full_unstemmed Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
title_short Increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
title_sort increasing the efficiency of mechanical ventilators during pandemics through additive manufacturing
topic Special Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7982068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33052078
http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2020.5165
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