Endobronchial lipoma with tracheobronchial aspergillosis: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Benign neoplasm of the endobronchial tree is quite rare, while endobronchial lipoma is extremely rare. Tracheobronchial aspergillosis is a relatively uncommon but severe form of invasive aspergillosis involving the tracheobronchial tree. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 54-year-old male presented to our hospital for investigation and treatment of a cough and hemoptysis. DIAGNOSIS: The diagnosis was confirmed as endobronchial lipoma with tracheobronchial aspergillosis. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received pneumonectomy and voriconazole treatment. OUTCOMES: The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged 10 days after surgery. The patient had no evidence of the fungal infection and recurrence during 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Endobronchial lipoma is a rare benign lung tumor, and this is the first report of endobronchial lipoma with tracheobronchial aspergillosis. In patients with suspected endobronchial lipoma, especially those who present with hemoptysis as the initial symptom, it is advisable to exclude coexistent aspergillosis.