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Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons
The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction. Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which oligodendrocytes receive cues from axons that direct their myelination, and oligodendrocytes subsequently shape axonal structure and...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7982542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33763430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.653101 |
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author | Duncan, Greg J. Simkins, Tyrell J. Emery, Ben |
author_facet | Duncan, Greg J. Simkins, Tyrell J. Emery, Ben |
author_sort | Duncan, Greg J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction. Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which oligodendrocytes receive cues from axons that direct their myelination, and oligodendrocytes subsequently shape axonal structure and conduction. Oligodendrocytes are necessary for the maturation of excitatory domains on the axon including nodes of Ranvier, help buffer potassium, and support neuronal energy metabolism. Disruption of the oligodendrocyte-axon unit in traumatic injuries, Alzheimer’s disease and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis results in axonal dysfunction and can culminate in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which demyelination and loss of oligodendrocytes compromise axons. We highlight the intra-axonal cascades initiated by demyelination that can result in irreversible axonal damage. Both the restoration of oligodendrocyte myelination or neuroprotective therapies targeting these intra-axonal cascades are likely to have therapeutic potential in disorders in which oligodendrocyte support of axons is disrupted. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7982542 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79825422021-03-23 Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons Duncan, Greg J. Simkins, Tyrell J. Emery, Ben Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes is a highly complex cell-to-cell interaction. Oligodendrocytes and axons have a reciprocal signaling relationship in which oligodendrocytes receive cues from axons that direct their myelination, and oligodendrocytes subsequently shape axonal structure and conduction. Oligodendrocytes are necessary for the maturation of excitatory domains on the axon including nodes of Ranvier, help buffer potassium, and support neuronal energy metabolism. Disruption of the oligodendrocyte-axon unit in traumatic injuries, Alzheimer’s disease and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis results in axonal dysfunction and can culminate in neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which demyelination and loss of oligodendrocytes compromise axons. We highlight the intra-axonal cascades initiated by demyelination that can result in irreversible axonal damage. Both the restoration of oligodendrocyte myelination or neuroprotective therapies targeting these intra-axonal cascades are likely to have therapeutic potential in disorders in which oligodendrocyte support of axons is disrupted. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7982542/ /pubmed/33763430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.653101 Text en Copyright © 2021 Duncan, Simkins and Emery. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Duncan, Greg J. Simkins, Tyrell J. Emery, Ben Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons |
title | Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons |
title_full | Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons |
title_fullStr | Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons |
title_short | Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interactions in the Structure and Integrity of Axons |
title_sort | neuron-oligodendrocyte interactions in the structure and integrity of axons |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7982542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33763430 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.653101 |
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