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Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy
Dark cone photoreceptors, defined as those with diminished or absent reflectivity when observed with adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy, are increasingly reported in retinal disorders. However, their structural and functional impact remain unclear. Here, we report a 3-year longitudinal study on a p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7985087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33767618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.629214 |
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author | Li, Joanne Liu, Tao Flynn, Oliver J. Turriff, Amy Liu, Zhuolin Ullah, Ehsan Liu, Jianfei Dubra, Alfredo Johnson, Mary A. Brooks, Brian P. Hufnagel, Robert B. Hammer, Daniel X. Huryn, Laryssa A. Jeffrey, Brett G. Tam, Johnny |
author_facet | Li, Joanne Liu, Tao Flynn, Oliver J. Turriff, Amy Liu, Zhuolin Ullah, Ehsan Liu, Jianfei Dubra, Alfredo Johnson, Mary A. Brooks, Brian P. Hufnagel, Robert B. Hammer, Daniel X. Huryn, Laryssa A. Jeffrey, Brett G. Tam, Johnny |
author_sort | Li, Joanne |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dark cone photoreceptors, defined as those with diminished or absent reflectivity when observed with adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy, are increasingly reported in retinal disorders. However, their structural and functional impact remain unclear. Here, we report a 3-year longitudinal study on a patient with oligocone trichromacy (OT) who presented with persistent, widespread dark cones within and near the macula. Diminished electroretinogram (ERG) cone but normal ERG rod responses together with normal color vision confirmed the OT diagnosis. In addition, the patient had normal to near normal visual acuity and retinal sensitivity. Occasional dark gaps in the photoreceptor layer were observed on optical coherence tomography, in agreement with reflectance AO scanning light ophthalmoscopy, which revealed that over 50% of the cones in the fovea were dark, increasing to 74% at 10° eccentricity. In addition, the cone density was 78% lower than normal histologic value at the fovea, and 20–40% lower at eccentricities of 5–15°. Interestingly, color vision testing was near normal at locations where cones were predominantly dark. These findings illustrate how a retina with predominant dark cones that persist over at least 3 years can support near normal central retinal function. Furthermore, this study adds to the growing evidence that cones can continue to survive under non-ideal conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7985087 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79850872021-03-24 Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy Li, Joanne Liu, Tao Flynn, Oliver J. Turriff, Amy Liu, Zhuolin Ullah, Ehsan Liu, Jianfei Dubra, Alfredo Johnson, Mary A. Brooks, Brian P. Hufnagel, Robert B. Hammer, Daniel X. Huryn, Laryssa A. Jeffrey, Brett G. Tam, Johnny Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Dark cone photoreceptors, defined as those with diminished or absent reflectivity when observed with adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy, are increasingly reported in retinal disorders. However, their structural and functional impact remain unclear. Here, we report a 3-year longitudinal study on a patient with oligocone trichromacy (OT) who presented with persistent, widespread dark cones within and near the macula. Diminished electroretinogram (ERG) cone but normal ERG rod responses together with normal color vision confirmed the OT diagnosis. In addition, the patient had normal to near normal visual acuity and retinal sensitivity. Occasional dark gaps in the photoreceptor layer were observed on optical coherence tomography, in agreement with reflectance AO scanning light ophthalmoscopy, which revealed that over 50% of the cones in the fovea were dark, increasing to 74% at 10° eccentricity. In addition, the cone density was 78% lower than normal histologic value at the fovea, and 20–40% lower at eccentricities of 5–15°. Interestingly, color vision testing was near normal at locations where cones were predominantly dark. These findings illustrate how a retina with predominant dark cones that persist over at least 3 years can support near normal central retinal function. Furthermore, this study adds to the growing evidence that cones can continue to survive under non-ideal conditions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7985087/ /pubmed/33767618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.629214 Text en Copyright © 2021 Li, Liu, Flynn, Turriff, Liu, Ullah, Liu, Dubra, Johnson, Brooks, Hufnagel, Hammer, Huryn, Jeffrey and Tam. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Li, Joanne Liu, Tao Flynn, Oliver J. Turriff, Amy Liu, Zhuolin Ullah, Ehsan Liu, Jianfei Dubra, Alfredo Johnson, Mary A. Brooks, Brian P. Hufnagel, Robert B. Hammer, Daniel X. Huryn, Laryssa A. Jeffrey, Brett G. Tam, Johnny Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy |
title | Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy |
title_full | Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy |
title_fullStr | Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy |
title_short | Persistent Dark Cones in Oligocone Trichromacy Revealed by Multimodal Adaptive Optics Ophthalmoscopy |
title_sort | persistent dark cones in oligocone trichromacy revealed by multimodal adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7985087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33767618 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.629214 |
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