Cargando…
Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections
Viral respiratory infections are a common cause of severe disease, especially in infants, people who are immunocompromised, and in the elderly. Neutrophils, an important innate immune cell, infiltrate the lungs rapidly after an inflammatory insult. The most well-characterized effector mechanisms by...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group US
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7985581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33758367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-021-00397-4 |
_version_ | 1783668278824009728 |
---|---|
author | Johansson, Cecilia Kirsebom, Freja C. M. |
author_facet | Johansson, Cecilia Kirsebom, Freja C. M. |
author_sort | Johansson, Cecilia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Viral respiratory infections are a common cause of severe disease, especially in infants, people who are immunocompromised, and in the elderly. Neutrophils, an important innate immune cell, infiltrate the lungs rapidly after an inflammatory insult. The most well-characterized effector mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host defense are largely extracellular and the involvement of neutrophils in protection from numerous bacterial and fungal infections is well established. However, the role of neutrophils in responses to viruses, which replicate intracellularly, has been less studied. It remains unclear whether and, by which underlying immunological mechanisms, neutrophils contribute to viral control or confer protection against an intracellular pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils need to be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to host tissues. This is especially relevant in the lung where damage to delicate alveolar structures can compromise gas exchange with life-threatening consequences. It is inherently less clear how neutrophils can contribute to host immunity to viruses without causing immunopathology and/or exacerbating disease severity. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of how neutrophils in the lung direct immune responses to viruses, control viral replication and spread, and cause pathology during respiratory viral infections. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7985581 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79855812021-03-23 Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections Johansson, Cecilia Kirsebom, Freja C. M. Mucosal Immunol Review Article Viral respiratory infections are a common cause of severe disease, especially in infants, people who are immunocompromised, and in the elderly. Neutrophils, an important innate immune cell, infiltrate the lungs rapidly after an inflammatory insult. The most well-characterized effector mechanisms by which neutrophils contribute to host defense are largely extracellular and the involvement of neutrophils in protection from numerous bacterial and fungal infections is well established. However, the role of neutrophils in responses to viruses, which replicate intracellularly, has been less studied. It remains unclear whether and, by which underlying immunological mechanisms, neutrophils contribute to viral control or confer protection against an intracellular pathogen. Furthermore, neutrophils need to be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to host tissues. This is especially relevant in the lung where damage to delicate alveolar structures can compromise gas exchange with life-threatening consequences. It is inherently less clear how neutrophils can contribute to host immunity to viruses without causing immunopathology and/or exacerbating disease severity. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of how neutrophils in the lung direct immune responses to viruses, control viral replication and spread, and cause pathology during respiratory viral infections. Nature Publishing Group US 2021-03-23 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7985581/ /pubmed/33758367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-021-00397-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Review Article Johansson, Cecilia Kirsebom, Freja C. M. Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
title | Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
title_full | Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
title_fullStr | Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
title_full_unstemmed | Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
title_short | Neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
title_sort | neutrophils in respiratory viral infections |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7985581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33758367 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-021-00397-4 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT johanssoncecilia neutrophilsinrespiratoryviralinfections AT kirsebomfrejacm neutrophilsinrespiratoryviralinfections |