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Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020

OBJECTIVE: Loneliness and physical activity are important targets for research into the impact of COVID-19 because they have established links with mental health, could be exacerbated by social distancing policies, and are potentially modifiable. In this study, we aimed to identify whether lonelines...

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Autores principales: Creese, Byron, Khan, Zunera, Henley, William, O’Dwyer, Siobhan, Corbett, Anne, Vasconcelos Da Silva, Miguel, Mills, Kathryn, Wright, Natalie, Testad, Ingelin, Aarsland, Dag, Ballard, Clive
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7985900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33327988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220004135
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author Creese, Byron
Khan, Zunera
Henley, William
O’Dwyer, Siobhan
Corbett, Anne
Vasconcelos Da Silva, Miguel
Mills, Kathryn
Wright, Natalie
Testad, Ingelin
Aarsland, Dag
Ballard, Clive
author_facet Creese, Byron
Khan, Zunera
Henley, William
O’Dwyer, Siobhan
Corbett, Anne
Vasconcelos Da Silva, Miguel
Mills, Kathryn
Wright, Natalie
Testad, Ingelin
Aarsland, Dag
Ballard, Clive
author_sort Creese, Byron
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Loneliness and physical activity are important targets for research into the impact of COVID-19 because they have established links with mental health, could be exacerbated by social distancing policies, and are potentially modifiable. In this study, we aimed to identify whether loneliness and physical activity were associated with worse mental health during a period of mandatory social distancing in the UK. DESIGN: Population-based observational cohort study. SETTING: Mental health data collected online during COVID-19 from an existing sample of adults aged 50 and over taking part in a longitudinal study of aging. All had comparable annual data collected between 2015 and 2019. PARTICIPANTS: Three-thousand two-hundred and eighty-one participants aged 50 and over. MEASUREMENTS: Trajectories of depression (measured by PHQ-9) and anxiety (measured by GAD-7) between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed with respect to loneliness, physical activity levels, and a number of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. RESULTS: In 2020, PHQ-9 score for loneliness, adjusted for covariates, was 3.23 (95% CI: 3.01–3.44), an increase of around 1 point on all previous years in this group and 2 points higher than people not rated lonely, whose score did not change in 2020 (1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.32). PHQ-9 was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.43–2.78) in people with decreased physical activity, an increase of .5 on previous years. In contrast, PHQ-9 in 2020 for people whose physical activity had not decreased was 1.66, 95% CI: 1.56−1.75, similar to previous years. A similar relationship was observed for GAD-7 though the absolute burden of symptoms lower. CONCLUSION: After accounting for pre-COVID-19 trends, we show that experiencing loneliness and decreased physical activity are risk factors for worsening mental health during the pandemic. Our findings highlight the need to examine policies which target these potentially modifiable risk factors.
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spelling pubmed-79859002021-03-25 Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020 Creese, Byron Khan, Zunera Henley, William O’Dwyer, Siobhan Corbett, Anne Vasconcelos Da Silva, Miguel Mills, Kathryn Wright, Natalie Testad, Ingelin Aarsland, Dag Ballard, Clive Int Psychogeriatr Original Research Article OBJECTIVE: Loneliness and physical activity are important targets for research into the impact of COVID-19 because they have established links with mental health, could be exacerbated by social distancing policies, and are potentially modifiable. In this study, we aimed to identify whether loneliness and physical activity were associated with worse mental health during a period of mandatory social distancing in the UK. DESIGN: Population-based observational cohort study. SETTING: Mental health data collected online during COVID-19 from an existing sample of adults aged 50 and over taking part in a longitudinal study of aging. All had comparable annual data collected between 2015 and 2019. PARTICIPANTS: Three-thousand two-hundred and eighty-one participants aged 50 and over. MEASUREMENTS: Trajectories of depression (measured by PHQ-9) and anxiety (measured by GAD-7) between 2015 and 2020 were analyzed with respect to loneliness, physical activity levels, and a number of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. RESULTS: In 2020, PHQ-9 score for loneliness, adjusted for covariates, was 3.23 (95% CI: 3.01–3.44), an increase of around 1 point on all previous years in this group and 2 points higher than people not rated lonely, whose score did not change in 2020 (1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.32). PHQ-9 was 2.60 (95% CI: 2.43–2.78) in people with decreased physical activity, an increase of .5 on previous years. In contrast, PHQ-9 in 2020 for people whose physical activity had not decreased was 1.66, 95% CI: 1.56−1.75, similar to previous years. A similar relationship was observed for GAD-7 though the absolute burden of symptoms lower. CONCLUSION: After accounting for pre-COVID-19 trends, we show that experiencing loneliness and decreased physical activity are risk factors for worsening mental health during the pandemic. Our findings highlight the need to examine policies which target these potentially modifiable risk factors. Cambridge University Press 2020-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7985900/ /pubmed/33327988 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220004135 Text en © International Psychogeriatric Association 2020 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research Article
Creese, Byron
Khan, Zunera
Henley, William
O’Dwyer, Siobhan
Corbett, Anne
Vasconcelos Da Silva, Miguel
Mills, Kathryn
Wright, Natalie
Testad, Ingelin
Aarsland, Dag
Ballard, Clive
Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
title Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
title_full Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
title_fullStr Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
title_full_unstemmed Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
title_short Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
title_sort loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during covid-19: a longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020
topic Original Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7985900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33327988
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220004135
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