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Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples

Serological methods serve as a direct or indirect means of pathogen infection diagnosis in plant and animal species, including humans. Dot-ELISA (DE) is an inexpensive and sensitive, solid-state version of the microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a broad range of applications in epidem...

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Autores principales: Anastassopoulou, Cleo, Tsakris, Athanasios, Patrinos, George P., Manoussopoulos, Yiannis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986560/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33767673
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.562199
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author Anastassopoulou, Cleo
Tsakris, Athanasios
Patrinos, George P.
Manoussopoulos, Yiannis
author_facet Anastassopoulou, Cleo
Tsakris, Athanasios
Patrinos, George P.
Manoussopoulos, Yiannis
author_sort Anastassopoulou, Cleo
collection PubMed
description Serological methods serve as a direct or indirect means of pathogen infection diagnosis in plant and animal species, including humans. Dot-ELISA (DE) is an inexpensive and sensitive, solid-state version of the microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a broad range of applications in epidemiology. Yet, its applicability is limited by uncertainties in the qualitative output of the assay due to overlapping dot colorations of positive and negative samples, stemming mainly from the inherent color discrimination thresholds of the human eye. Here, we report a novel approach for unambiguous DE output evaluation by applying machine learning-based pattern recognition of image pixels of the blot using an impartial predictive model rather than human judgment. Supervised machine learning was used to train a classifier algorithm through a built multivariate logistic regression model based on the RGB (“Red,” “Green,” “Blue”) pixel attributes of a scanned DE output of samples of known infection status to a model pathogen (Lettuce big-vein associated virus). Based on the trained and cross-validated algorithm, pixel probabilities of unknown samples could be predicted in scanned DE output images, which would then be reconstituted by pixels having probabilities above a cutoff. The cutoff may be selected at will to yield desirable false positive and false negative rates depending on the question at hand, thus allowing for proper dot classification of positive and negative samples and, hence, accurate diagnosis. Potential improvements and diagnostic applications of the proposed versatile method that translates unique pathogen antigens to the universal basic color language are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-79865602021-03-24 Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples Anastassopoulou, Cleo Tsakris, Athanasios Patrinos, George P. Manoussopoulos, Yiannis Front Microbiol Microbiology Serological methods serve as a direct or indirect means of pathogen infection diagnosis in plant and animal species, including humans. Dot-ELISA (DE) is an inexpensive and sensitive, solid-state version of the microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with a broad range of applications in epidemiology. Yet, its applicability is limited by uncertainties in the qualitative output of the assay due to overlapping dot colorations of positive and negative samples, stemming mainly from the inherent color discrimination thresholds of the human eye. Here, we report a novel approach for unambiguous DE output evaluation by applying machine learning-based pattern recognition of image pixels of the blot using an impartial predictive model rather than human judgment. Supervised machine learning was used to train a classifier algorithm through a built multivariate logistic regression model based on the RGB (“Red,” “Green,” “Blue”) pixel attributes of a scanned DE output of samples of known infection status to a model pathogen (Lettuce big-vein associated virus). Based on the trained and cross-validated algorithm, pixel probabilities of unknown samples could be predicted in scanned DE output images, which would then be reconstituted by pixels having probabilities above a cutoff. The cutoff may be selected at will to yield desirable false positive and false negative rates depending on the question at hand, thus allowing for proper dot classification of positive and negative samples and, hence, accurate diagnosis. Potential improvements and diagnostic applications of the proposed versatile method that translates unique pathogen antigens to the universal basic color language are discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7986560/ /pubmed/33767673 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.562199 Text en Copyright © 2021 Anastassopoulou, Tsakris, Patrinos and Manoussopoulos. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Anastassopoulou, Cleo
Tsakris, Athanasios
Patrinos, George P.
Manoussopoulos, Yiannis
Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
title Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
title_full Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
title_fullStr Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
title_full_unstemmed Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
title_short Pixel-Based Machine Learning and Image Reconstitution for Dot-ELISA Pathogen Diagnosis in Biological Samples
title_sort pixel-based machine learning and image reconstitution for dot-elisa pathogen diagnosis in biological samples
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986560/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33767673
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.562199
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