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Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced con...

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Autores principales: Roy, Jacques, Rineau, François, De Boeck, Hans J., Nijs, Ivan, Pütz, Thomas, Abiven, Samuel, Arnone, John A., Barton, Craig V. M., Beenaerts, Natalie, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Dainese, Matteo, Domisch, Timo, Eisenhauer, Nico, Garré, Sarah, Gebler, Alban, Ghirardo, Andrea, Jasoni, Richard L., Kowalchuk, George, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H., Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐François, Longdoz, Bernard, Massol, Florent, Mikkelsen, Teis N., Niedrist, Georg, Piel, Clément, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana, Schmidt, Anja, Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter, Teixeira, Leonardo H., Tjoelker, Mark G., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Winkler, Barbro, Milcu, Alexandru
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986626/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33274502
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15471
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author Roy, Jacques
Rineau, François
De Boeck, Hans J.
Nijs, Ivan
Pütz, Thomas
Abiven, Samuel
Arnone, John A.
Barton, Craig V. M.
Beenaerts, Natalie
Brüggemann, Nicolas
Dainese, Matteo
Domisch, Timo
Eisenhauer, Nico
Garré, Sarah
Gebler, Alban
Ghirardo, Andrea
Jasoni, Richard L.
Kowalchuk, George
Landais, Damien
Larsen, Stuart H.
Leemans, Vincent
Le Galliard, Jean‐François
Longdoz, Bernard
Massol, Florent
Mikkelsen, Teis N.
Niedrist, Georg
Piel, Clément
Ravel, Olivier
Sauze, Joana
Schmidt, Anja
Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter
Teixeira, Leonardo H.
Tjoelker, Mark G.
Weisser, Wolfgang W.
Winkler, Barbro
Milcu, Alexandru
author_facet Roy, Jacques
Rineau, François
De Boeck, Hans J.
Nijs, Ivan
Pütz, Thomas
Abiven, Samuel
Arnone, John A.
Barton, Craig V. M.
Beenaerts, Natalie
Brüggemann, Nicolas
Dainese, Matteo
Domisch, Timo
Eisenhauer, Nico
Garré, Sarah
Gebler, Alban
Ghirardo, Andrea
Jasoni, Richard L.
Kowalchuk, George
Landais, Damien
Larsen, Stuart H.
Leemans, Vincent
Le Galliard, Jean‐François
Longdoz, Bernard
Massol, Florent
Mikkelsen, Teis N.
Niedrist, Georg
Piel, Clément
Ravel, Olivier
Sauze, Joana
Schmidt, Anja
Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter
Teixeira, Leonardo H.
Tjoelker, Mark G.
Weisser, Wolfgang W.
Winkler, Barbro
Milcu, Alexandru
author_sort Roy, Jacques
collection PubMed
description Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes.
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spelling pubmed-79866262021-03-25 Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science Roy, Jacques Rineau, François De Boeck, Hans J. Nijs, Ivan Pütz, Thomas Abiven, Samuel Arnone, John A. Barton, Craig V. M. Beenaerts, Natalie Brüggemann, Nicolas Dainese, Matteo Domisch, Timo Eisenhauer, Nico Garré, Sarah Gebler, Alban Ghirardo, Andrea Jasoni, Richard L. Kowalchuk, George Landais, Damien Larsen, Stuart H. Leemans, Vincent Le Galliard, Jean‐François Longdoz, Bernard Massol, Florent Mikkelsen, Teis N. Niedrist, Georg Piel, Clément Ravel, Olivier Sauze, Joana Schmidt, Anja Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter Teixeira, Leonardo H. Tjoelker, Mark G. Weisser, Wolfgang W. Winkler, Barbro Milcu, Alexandru Glob Chang Biol Research Review Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimentation and monitoring, a crucial role in exploring the ecosystem consequences of environmental changes. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-01-28 2021-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7986626/ /pubmed/33274502 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15471 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Research Review
Roy, Jacques
Rineau, François
De Boeck, Hans J.
Nijs, Ivan
Pütz, Thomas
Abiven, Samuel
Arnone, John A.
Barton, Craig V. M.
Beenaerts, Natalie
Brüggemann, Nicolas
Dainese, Matteo
Domisch, Timo
Eisenhauer, Nico
Garré, Sarah
Gebler, Alban
Ghirardo, Andrea
Jasoni, Richard L.
Kowalchuk, George
Landais, Damien
Larsen, Stuart H.
Leemans, Vincent
Le Galliard, Jean‐François
Longdoz, Bernard
Massol, Florent
Mikkelsen, Teis N.
Niedrist, Georg
Piel, Clément
Ravel, Olivier
Sauze, Joana
Schmidt, Anja
Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter
Teixeira, Leonardo H.
Tjoelker, Mark G.
Weisser, Wolfgang W.
Winkler, Barbro
Milcu, Alexandru
Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
title Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
title_full Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
title_fullStr Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
title_full_unstemmed Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
title_short Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
title_sort ecotrons: powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science
topic Research Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7986626/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33274502
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15471
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