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How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity
Learning to play a musical instrument is a complex task that integrates multiple sensory modalities and higher-order cognitive functions. Therefore, musical training is considered a useful framework for the research on training-induced neuroplasticity. However, the classical nature-or-nurture questi...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7987793/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33776638 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.630829 |
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author | Olszewska, Alicja M. Gaca, Maciej Herman, Aleksandra M. Jednoróg, Katarzyna Marchewka, Artur |
author_facet | Olszewska, Alicja M. Gaca, Maciej Herman, Aleksandra M. Jednoróg, Katarzyna Marchewka, Artur |
author_sort | Olszewska, Alicja M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Learning to play a musical instrument is a complex task that integrates multiple sensory modalities and higher-order cognitive functions. Therefore, musical training is considered a useful framework for the research on training-induced neuroplasticity. However, the classical nature-or-nurture question remains, whether the differences observed between musicians and non-musicians are due to predispositions or result from the training itself. Here we present a review of recent publications with strong focus on experimental designs to better understand both brain reorganization and the neuronal markers of predispositions when learning to play a musical instrument. Cross-sectional studies identified structural and functional differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians, especially in regions related to motor control and auditory processing. A few longitudinal studies showed functional changes related to training while listening to and producing music, in the motor network and its connectivity with the auditory system, in line with the outcomes of cross-sectional studies. Parallel changes within the motor system and between the motor and auditory systems were revealed for structural connectivity. In addition, potential predictors of musical learning success were found including increased brain activation in the auditory and motor systems during listening, the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus, and the functional connectivity between the auditory and the motor systems. We show that “the musical brain” is a product of both the natural human neurodiversity and the training practice. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7987793 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79877932021-03-25 How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity Olszewska, Alicja M. Gaca, Maciej Herman, Aleksandra M. Jednoróg, Katarzyna Marchewka, Artur Front Neurosci Neuroscience Learning to play a musical instrument is a complex task that integrates multiple sensory modalities and higher-order cognitive functions. Therefore, musical training is considered a useful framework for the research on training-induced neuroplasticity. However, the classical nature-or-nurture question remains, whether the differences observed between musicians and non-musicians are due to predispositions or result from the training itself. Here we present a review of recent publications with strong focus on experimental designs to better understand both brain reorganization and the neuronal markers of predispositions when learning to play a musical instrument. Cross-sectional studies identified structural and functional differences between the brains of musicians and non-musicians, especially in regions related to motor control and auditory processing. A few longitudinal studies showed functional changes related to training while listening to and producing music, in the motor network and its connectivity with the auditory system, in line with the outcomes of cross-sectional studies. Parallel changes within the motor system and between the motor and auditory systems were revealed for structural connectivity. In addition, potential predictors of musical learning success were found including increased brain activation in the auditory and motor systems during listening, the microstructure of the arcuate fasciculus, and the functional connectivity between the auditory and the motor systems. We show that “the musical brain” is a product of both the natural human neurodiversity and the training practice. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7987793/ /pubmed/33776638 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.630829 Text en Copyright © 2021 Olszewska, Gaca, Herman, Jednoróg and Marchewka. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Olszewska, Alicja M. Gaca, Maciej Herman, Aleksandra M. Jednoróg, Katarzyna Marchewka, Artur How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity |
title | How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity |
title_full | How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity |
title_fullStr | How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity |
title_full_unstemmed | How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity |
title_short | How Musical Training Shapes the Adult Brain: Predispositions and Neuroplasticity |
title_sort | how musical training shapes the adult brain: predispositions and neuroplasticity |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7987793/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33776638 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.630829 |
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