Telomere Length in Valve Tissue Is Shorter in Individuals With Aortic Stenosis and in Calcified Valve Areas

BACKGROUND: Short telomere length (TL) is associated with age-related diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. However, whether the onset and course of aortic stenosis (AS) is linked to TL in aortic valves remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To assess telomere dynamics (TL and telomerase activity) in aortic valves and the possible implication of TL in onset and course of AS. METHODS: DNA was extracted from aortic valves obtained from 55 patients (78.2% men; age, 37–79 years), who had undergone replacement surgery due to AS (AS group, n = 32), aortic valve regurgitation and aortic dilation (Non-AS group, n = 23). TL was measured by telomere restriction fragment analysis (TRF) in calcified and non-calcified aortic valve areas. Telomerase activity was evaluated using telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) in protein extracts from non-calcified and calcified areas of valves obtained from 4 additional patients (50% men; age, 27–70 years). RESULTS: TL was shorter in calcified aortic valve areas in comparison to non-calcified areas (n = 31, 8.58 ± 0.73 kb vs. 8.12 ± 0.75 kb, p < 0.0001), whereas telomerase activity was not detected in any of those areas. Moreover, patients from AS group displayed shorter telomeres in non-calcified areas than those from the Non-AS group (8.40 ± 0.64 kb vs. 8.85 ± 0.65, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Short telomeres in aortic valves may participate in the development of AS, while concurrently the calcification process seems to promote further local decrease of TL in calcified areas of valves.