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Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean

The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses—ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attempts at est...

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Autores principales: Akhoudas, Camille Hayatte, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Haumann, F. Alexander, Meredith, Michael P., Garabato, Alberto Naveira, Reverdin, Gilles, Jullion, Loïc, Aloisi, Giovanni, Benetti, Marion, Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7991437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33762612
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86043-2
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author Akhoudas, Camille Hayatte
Sallée, Jean-Baptiste
Haumann, F. Alexander
Meredith, Michael P.
Garabato, Alberto Naveira
Reverdin, Gilles
Jullion, Loïc
Aloisi, Giovanni
Benetti, Marion
Leng, Melanie J.
Arrowsmith, Carol
author_facet Akhoudas, Camille Hayatte
Sallée, Jean-Baptiste
Haumann, F. Alexander
Meredith, Michael P.
Garabato, Alberto Naveira
Reverdin, Gilles
Jullion, Loïc
Aloisi, Giovanni
Benetti, Marion
Leng, Melanie J.
Arrowsmith, Carol
author_sort Akhoudas, Camille Hayatte
collection PubMed
description The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses—ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attempts at estimating the rates of ventilation and overturning of Antarctic Bottom Water in this region have led to a strikingly broad range of results, with water transport-based calculations (8.4–9.7 Sv) yielding larger rates than tracer-based estimates (3.7–4.9 Sv). Here, we reconcile these conflicting views by integrating transport- and tracer-based estimates within a common analytical framework, in which bottom water formation processes are explicitly quantified. We show that the layer of Antarctic Bottom Water denser than 28.36 kg m[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is exported northward at a rate of 8.4 ± 0.7 Sv, composed of 4.5 ± 0.3 Sv of well-ventilated Dense Shelf Water, and 3.9 ± 0.5 Sv of old Circumpolar Deep Water entrained into cascading plumes. The majority, but not all, of the Dense Shelf Water (3.4 ± 0.6 Sv) is generated on the continental shelves of the Weddell Sea. Only 55% of AABW exported from the region is well ventilated and thus draws down heat and carbon into the deep ocean. Our findings unify traditionally contrasting views of Antarctic Bottom Water production in the Atlantic sector, and define a baseline, process-discerning target for its realistic representation in climate models.
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spelling pubmed-79914372021-03-26 Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean Akhoudas, Camille Hayatte Sallée, Jean-Baptiste Haumann, F. Alexander Meredith, Michael P. Garabato, Alberto Naveira Reverdin, Gilles Jullion, Loïc Aloisi, Giovanni Benetti, Marion Leng, Melanie J. Arrowsmith, Carol Sci Rep Article The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is the world’s main production site of Antarctic Bottom Water, a water-mass that is ventilated at the ocean surface before sinking and entraining older water-masses—ultimately replenishing the abyssal global ocean. In recent decades, numerous attempts at estimating the rates of ventilation and overturning of Antarctic Bottom Water in this region have led to a strikingly broad range of results, with water transport-based calculations (8.4–9.7 Sv) yielding larger rates than tracer-based estimates (3.7–4.9 Sv). Here, we reconcile these conflicting views by integrating transport- and tracer-based estimates within a common analytical framework, in which bottom water formation processes are explicitly quantified. We show that the layer of Antarctic Bottom Water denser than 28.36 kg m[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] is exported northward at a rate of 8.4 ± 0.7 Sv, composed of 4.5 ± 0.3 Sv of well-ventilated Dense Shelf Water, and 3.9 ± 0.5 Sv of old Circumpolar Deep Water entrained into cascading plumes. The majority, but not all, of the Dense Shelf Water (3.4 ± 0.6 Sv) is generated on the continental shelves of the Weddell Sea. Only 55% of AABW exported from the region is well ventilated and thus draws down heat and carbon into the deep ocean. Our findings unify traditionally contrasting views of Antarctic Bottom Water production in the Atlantic sector, and define a baseline, process-discerning target for its realistic representation in climate models. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7991437/ /pubmed/33762612 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86043-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Akhoudas, Camille Hayatte
Sallée, Jean-Baptiste
Haumann, F. Alexander
Meredith, Michael P.
Garabato, Alberto Naveira
Reverdin, Gilles
Jullion, Loïc
Aloisi, Giovanni
Benetti, Marion
Leng, Melanie J.
Arrowsmith, Carol
Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_full Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_fullStr Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_full_unstemmed Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_short Ventilation of the abyss in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
title_sort ventilation of the abyss in the atlantic sector of the southern ocean
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7991437/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33762612
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86043-2
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