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Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers

BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of ultrafine particulate matters (PM) in ambient air and contaminates many occupational settings. Airway remodeling assessed using computerized tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural cha...

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Autores principales: Liu, Hong, Li, Jianyu, Ma, Qianli, Tang, Jinglong, Jiang, Menghui, Cao, Xue, Lin, Li, Kong, Nan, Yu, Shanfa, Sood, Akshay, Zheng, Yuxin, Leng, Shuguang, Han, Wei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7992811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33766066
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1
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author Liu, Hong
Li, Jianyu
Ma, Qianli
Tang, Jinglong
Jiang, Menghui
Cao, Xue
Lin, Li
Kong, Nan
Yu, Shanfa
Sood, Akshay
Zheng, Yuxin
Leng, Shuguang
Han, Wei
author_facet Liu, Hong
Li, Jianyu
Ma, Qianli
Tang, Jinglong
Jiang, Menghui
Cao, Xue
Lin, Li
Kong, Nan
Yu, Shanfa
Sood, Akshay
Zheng, Yuxin
Leng, Shuguang
Han, Wei
author_sort Liu, Hong
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of ultrafine particulate matters (PM) in ambient air and contaminates many occupational settings. Airway remodeling assessed using computerized tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural changes of small airways caused by chronic DE exposure is unknown. Wall and lumen areas of 6th and 9th generations of four candidate airways were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 78 diesel engine testers (DET) and 76 non-DETs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response relationship. RESULTS: Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher PM exposure in DETs, which was associated with higher wall area and wall area percent for 6th generation of airways. However, no reduction in lumen area was identified. No study subjects met spirometry diagnosis of airway obstruction. This suggested that small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early feature of airway remodeling in DETs. The effect of DE exposure status on wall area percent did not differ by lobes or smoking status. Although the trend test was of borderline significance between categorized CCAM and wall area percent, subjects in the highest CCAM category has a 14% increase in wall area percent for the 6th generation of airways compared to subjects in the lowest category. The impact of DE exposure on FEV1 can be partially explained by the wall area percent with mediation effect size equal to 20%, P(perm) = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early image feature detected by CT and underlie the pathology of lung injury in DETs. The pattern of changes in small airway dimensions, i.e., thicker airway wall without lumen narrowing caused by occupational DE exposure was different to that (i.e., thicker airway wall with lumen narrowing) seen in our previous study of workers exposed to nano-scale carbon black aerosol, suggesting constituents other than carbon cores may contribute to such differences. Our study provides some imaging indications of the understanding of the pulmonary toxicity of combustion derived airborne particulate matters in humans. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1.
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spelling pubmed-79928112021-03-25 Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers Liu, Hong Li, Jianyu Ma, Qianli Tang, Jinglong Jiang, Menghui Cao, Xue Lin, Li Kong, Nan Yu, Shanfa Sood, Akshay Zheng, Yuxin Leng, Shuguang Han, Wei Part Fibre Toxicol Research BACKGROUND: Diesel exhaust (DE) is a major source of ultrafine particulate matters (PM) in ambient air and contaminates many occupational settings. Airway remodeling assessed using computerized tomography (CT) correlates well with spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases. Structural changes of small airways caused by chronic DE exposure is unknown. Wall and lumen areas of 6th and 9th generations of four candidate airways were quantified using end-inhalation CT scans in 78 diesel engine testers (DET) and 76 non-DETs. Carbon content in airway macrophage (CCAM) in sputum was quantified to assess the dose-response relationship. RESULTS: Environmental monitoring and CCAM showed a much higher PM exposure in DETs, which was associated with higher wall area and wall area percent for 6th generation of airways. However, no reduction in lumen area was identified. No study subjects met spirometry diagnosis of airway obstruction. This suggested that small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early feature of airway remodeling in DETs. The effect of DE exposure status on wall area percent did not differ by lobes or smoking status. Although the trend test was of borderline significance between categorized CCAM and wall area percent, subjects in the highest CCAM category has a 14% increase in wall area percent for the 6th generation of airways compared to subjects in the lowest category. The impact of DE exposure on FEV1 can be partially explained by the wall area percent with mediation effect size equal to 20%, P(perm) = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing may be an early image feature detected by CT and underlie the pathology of lung injury in DETs. The pattern of changes in small airway dimensions, i.e., thicker airway wall without lumen narrowing caused by occupational DE exposure was different to that (i.e., thicker airway wall with lumen narrowing) seen in our previous study of workers exposed to nano-scale carbon black aerosol, suggesting constituents other than carbon cores may contribute to such differences. Our study provides some imaging indications of the understanding of the pulmonary toxicity of combustion derived airborne particulate matters in humans. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1. BioMed Central 2021-03-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7992811/ /pubmed/33766066 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Liu, Hong
Li, Jianyu
Ma, Qianli
Tang, Jinglong
Jiang, Menghui
Cao, Xue
Lin, Li
Kong, Nan
Yu, Shanfa
Sood, Akshay
Zheng, Yuxin
Leng, Shuguang
Han, Wei
Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers
title Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers
title_full Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers
title_fullStr Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers
title_full_unstemmed Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers
title_short Chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in Chinese diesel engine testers
title_sort chronic exposure to diesel exhaust may cause small airway wall thickening without lumen narrowing: a quantitative computerized tomography study in chinese diesel engine testers
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7992811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33766066
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12989-021-00406-1
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