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Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review

The anesthetic-surgical stress response consists of metabolic, neuroendocrine, hemodynamic, immunological, and behavioral adaptations through chemical mediators such as the adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, cortisol, aldosterone, angiotensin II, thyroid-stimulating h...

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Autores principales: Hernández-Avalos, I., Flores-Gasca, E., Mota-Rojas, D., Casas-Alvarado, A., Miranda-Cortés, A. E., Domínguez-Oliva, A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Veterinary World 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33776304
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.393-404
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author Hernández-Avalos, I.
Flores-Gasca, E.
Mota-Rojas, D.
Casas-Alvarado, A.
Miranda-Cortés, A. E.
Domínguez-Oliva, A.
author_facet Hernández-Avalos, I.
Flores-Gasca, E.
Mota-Rojas, D.
Casas-Alvarado, A.
Miranda-Cortés, A. E.
Domínguez-Oliva, A.
author_sort Hernández-Avalos, I.
collection PubMed
description The anesthetic-surgical stress response consists of metabolic, neuroendocrine, hemodynamic, immunological, and behavioral adaptations through chemical mediators such as the adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, cortisol, aldosterone, angiotensin II, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, catecholamines, insulin, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and prostaglandin E-2. Behavioral changes include adopting the so-called prayer posture, altered facial expressions, hyporexia or anorexia, drowsiness, sleep disorders, restriction of movement, licking or biting the injured area, and vocalizations. Overall, these changes are essential mechanisms to counteract harmful stimuli. However, if uncontrolled surgical stress persists, recovery time may be prolonged, along with increased susceptibility to infections in the post-operative period. This review discusses the neurobiology and most relevant organic responses to pain and anesthetic-surgical stress in dogs and cats. It highlights the role of stress biomarkers and their influence on autonomous and demeanor aspects and emphasizes the importance of understanding and correlating all factors to provide a more accurate assessment of pain and animal welfare in dogs and cats throughout the surgical process.
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spelling pubmed-79941302021-03-27 Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review Hernández-Avalos, I. Flores-Gasca, E. Mota-Rojas, D. Casas-Alvarado, A. Miranda-Cortés, A. E. Domínguez-Oliva, A. Vet World Review Article The anesthetic-surgical stress response consists of metabolic, neuroendocrine, hemodynamic, immunological, and behavioral adaptations through chemical mediators such as the adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, cortisol, aldosterone, angiotensin II, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, catecholamines, insulin, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and prostaglandin E-2. Behavioral changes include adopting the so-called prayer posture, altered facial expressions, hyporexia or anorexia, drowsiness, sleep disorders, restriction of movement, licking or biting the injured area, and vocalizations. Overall, these changes are essential mechanisms to counteract harmful stimuli. However, if uncontrolled surgical stress persists, recovery time may be prolonged, along with increased susceptibility to infections in the post-operative period. This review discusses the neurobiology and most relevant organic responses to pain and anesthetic-surgical stress in dogs and cats. It highlights the role of stress biomarkers and their influence on autonomous and demeanor aspects and emphasizes the importance of understanding and correlating all factors to provide a more accurate assessment of pain and animal welfare in dogs and cats throughout the surgical process. Veterinary World 2021-02 2021-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7994130/ /pubmed/33776304 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.393-404 Text en Copyright: © Hernández-Avalos, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review Article
Hernández-Avalos, I.
Flores-Gasca, E.
Mota-Rojas, D.
Casas-Alvarado, A.
Miranda-Cortés, A. E.
Domínguez-Oliva, A.
Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review
title Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review
title_full Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review
title_fullStr Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review
title_full_unstemmed Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review
title_short Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review
title_sort neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: a review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994130/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33776304
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.393-404
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