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Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vivo preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiot...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Veterinary World
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994135/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33776320 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.523-536 |
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author | Soliman, Essam S. Hamad, Rania T. Abdallah, Mona S. |
author_facet | Soliman, Essam S. Hamad, Rania T. Abdallah, Mona S. |
author_sort | Soliman, Essam S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND AND AIM: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vivo preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiotic Bacillus subtilis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro antimicrobial activities of B. subtilis (5×10(6) CFU/g; 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L) were tested against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes after exposure times of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 h using minimal inhibitory concentration procedures. A total of 320 1-day-old female Ross broiler chickens were divided into five groups. Four out of the five groups were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L probiotic B. subtilis from the age of 1 day old. Supplemented 14-day-old broiler chickens were challenged with only E. coli O157: H7 (4.5×10(12) CFU/mL) and S. Typhimurium (1.2×10(7) CFU/mL). A total of 2461 samples (256 microbial-probiotic mixtures, 315 sera, 315 duodenal swabs, and 1575 organs) were collected. RESULTS: The in vitro results revealed highly significant (p<0.001) killing rates at all-time points in 2.0 g/L B. subtilis: 99.9%, 90.0%, 95.6%, and 98.8% against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, C. albicans, and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Broilers supplemented with 1.5 and 2.0 g/L B. subtilis revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in body weights, weight gains, carcass weights, edible organs’ weights, immune organs’ weights, biochemical profile, and immunoglobulin concentrations, as well as highly significant declines (p<0.01) in total bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts. Histopathological photomicrographs revealed pronounced improvements and near-normal pictures of the livers and hearts of broilers with lymphoid hyperplasia in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen after supplementation with 2.0 g/L B. subtilis. CONCLUSION: The studies revealed that 1.5-2.0 g of probiotic B. subtilis at a concentration of 5×10(6) CFU/g/L water was able to improve performance, enhance immunity, and tissue architecture, and produce direct antimicrobial actions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7994135 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Veterinary World |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79941352021-03-27 Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers Soliman, Essam S. Hamad, Rania T. Abdallah, Mona S. Vet World Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, as well as the in vivo preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiotic Bacillus subtilis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro antimicrobial activities of B. subtilis (5×10(6) CFU/g; 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L) were tested against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes after exposure times of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 h using minimal inhibitory concentration procedures. A total of 320 1-day-old female Ross broiler chickens were divided into five groups. Four out of the five groups were supplemented with 0.5, 1.0*, 1.5, and 2.0 g/L probiotic B. subtilis from the age of 1 day old. Supplemented 14-day-old broiler chickens were challenged with only E. coli O157: H7 (4.5×10(12) CFU/mL) and S. Typhimurium (1.2×10(7) CFU/mL). A total of 2461 samples (256 microbial-probiotic mixtures, 315 sera, 315 duodenal swabs, and 1575 organs) were collected. RESULTS: The in vitro results revealed highly significant (p<0.001) killing rates at all-time points in 2.0 g/L B. subtilis: 99.9%, 90.0%, 95.6%, and 98.8% against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, C. albicans, and T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Broilers supplemented with 1.5 and 2.0 g/L B. subtilis revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in body weights, weight gains, carcass weights, edible organs’ weights, immune organs’ weights, biochemical profile, and immunoglobulin concentrations, as well as highly significant declines (p<0.01) in total bacterial, Enterobacteriaceae, and Salmonella counts. Histopathological photomicrographs revealed pronounced improvements and near-normal pictures of the livers and hearts of broilers with lymphoid hyperplasia in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, and spleen after supplementation with 2.0 g/L B. subtilis. CONCLUSION: The studies revealed that 1.5-2.0 g of probiotic B. subtilis at a concentration of 5×10(6) CFU/g/L water was able to improve performance, enhance immunity, and tissue architecture, and produce direct antimicrobial actions. Veterinary World 2021-02 2021-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7994135/ /pubmed/33776320 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.523-536 Text en Copyright: © Soliman, et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Soliman, Essam S. Hamad, Rania T. Abdallah, Mona S. Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
title | Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
title_full | Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
title_fullStr | Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
title_full_unstemmed | Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
title_short | Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
title_sort | preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994135/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33776320 http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.523-536 |
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