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Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the brain-derived proteins, extracellular matrix-derived protein and cytokines as potential peripheral biomarkers of different susceptibility to seizure development in an animal model of epilepsy evoked by chronic focal electrical stimulation of the b...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994222/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33377994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00208-w |
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author | Chmielewska, Natalia Maciejak, Piotr Osuch, Bartosz Kursa, Miron B. Szyndler, Janusz |
author_facet | Chmielewska, Natalia Maciejak, Piotr Osuch, Bartosz Kursa, Miron B. Szyndler, Janusz |
author_sort | Chmielewska, Natalia |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the brain-derived proteins, extracellular matrix-derived protein and cytokines as potential peripheral biomarkers of different susceptibility to seizure development in an animal model of epilepsy evoked by chronic focal electrical stimulation of the brain. METHODS: The plasma levels of IL-1β (interleukin 1β), IL-6 (interleukin 6), UCH-L1 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were assessed. The peripheral concentrations of the selected proteins were analyzed according to the status of kindling and seizure severity parameters. In our study, increased concentrations of plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in rats subjected to hippocampal kindling compared to sham-operated rats. RESULTS: Animals that developed tonic–clonic seizures after the last stimulation had higher plasma concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 than sham-operated rats and rats that did not develop seizure. Elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in rats that presented more severe seizures after the last five stimulations compared to sham-operated animals. A correlation between plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations was also found. On the other hand, the plasma levels of the brain-derived proteins UCH-L1, MMP-9, and GFAP were unaffected by kindling status and seizure severity parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 may have potential utility as peripheral biomarkers of immune system activation in the course of epilepsy and translational potential for future clinical use. Surprisingly, markers of cell and nerve ending damage (GFAP, UCH-L1 and MMP-9) may have limited utility. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7994222 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79942222021-04-16 Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures Chmielewska, Natalia Maciejak, Piotr Osuch, Bartosz Kursa, Miron B. Szyndler, Janusz Pharmacol Rep Article BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the brain-derived proteins, extracellular matrix-derived protein and cytokines as potential peripheral biomarkers of different susceptibility to seizure development in an animal model of epilepsy evoked by chronic focal electrical stimulation of the brain. METHODS: The plasma levels of IL-1β (interleukin 1β), IL-6 (interleukin 6), UCH-L1 (ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 1), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were assessed. The peripheral concentrations of the selected proteins were analyzed according to the status of kindling and seizure severity parameters. In our study, increased concentrations of plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in rats subjected to hippocampal kindling compared to sham-operated rats. RESULTS: Animals that developed tonic–clonic seizures after the last stimulation had higher plasma concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 than sham-operated rats and rats that did not develop seizure. Elevated levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in rats that presented more severe seizures after the last five stimulations compared to sham-operated animals. A correlation between plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations was also found. On the other hand, the plasma levels of the brain-derived proteins UCH-L1, MMP-9, and GFAP were unaffected by kindling status and seizure severity parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 may have potential utility as peripheral biomarkers of immune system activation in the course of epilepsy and translational potential for future clinical use. Surprisingly, markers of cell and nerve ending damage (GFAP, UCH-L1 and MMP-9) may have limited utility. Springer International Publishing 2020-12-30 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC7994222/ /pubmed/33377994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00208-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Chmielewska, Natalia Maciejak, Piotr Osuch, Bartosz Kursa, Miron B. Szyndler, Janusz Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
title | Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
title_full | Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
title_fullStr | Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
title_full_unstemmed | Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
title_short | Pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
title_sort | pro-inflammatory cytokines, but not brain- and extracellular matrix-derived proteins, are increased in the plasma following electrically induced kindling of seizures |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7994222/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33377994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00208-w |
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