Patterns of self-medication in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Selling medicines in pharmacies without a prescription is a common practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes about and prevalence of non-prescribed medication for those attending community pharmacies in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey based study that was designed and administered to individuals attending four community pharmacies in the main cites of Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia to obtain Over The Counter (OTC) drug use, exposure to health education, awareness of risks, important causes, and side-effects. RESULTS: Approximately 75% of 109 individuals attending the studied pharmacies purchased non-prescribed medicines. Most participants (80%) had read the drug pamphlets and followed the instructions for use. The most common reasons for buying non-prescribed medicines were repetition of a previous prescription by a healthcare provider (30.3%), belief that the disease was minor (26.6%), convenience of pharmacist prescription (19.3%), and the low cost and shortness of time to attend health services. The most commonly used drugs were analgesics (18.3%) followed by anti-allergic medications and antibiotics, and the least commonly used drugs were laxatives and anti-diarrheal medications. There were no significant differences in the purchase of non-prescribed drugs with respect to age, gender, and educational level. Only 9% of respondents were opposed to buying non-prescribed drugs and 34% were willing to use them only when necessary. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of non-prescribed medicine purchase from community pharmacies in the study area. Education efforts are needed to change this behavior.