Hypoxia modulation by dual-drug nanoparticles for enhanced synergistic sonodynamic and starvation therapy

BACKGROUND: Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging non-invasive therapeutic technique. SDT-based cancer therapy strategies are presently underway, and it may be perceived as a promising approach to improve the efficiency of anti-cancer treatment. In this work, multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized for synergistic starvation therapy and SDT by loading glucose oxidase (GOx, termed G) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) porphyrin) Cl (T (p-Cl) PPMnCl, termed PMnC) in Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs (designated as MG@P NPs). RESULTS: On account of the peroxidase-like activity of PMnC, MG@P NPs can catalyze hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in tumor regions to produce oxygen (O(2)), thus enhancing synergistic therapeutic effects by accelerating the decomposition of glucose and promoting the production of cytotoxic singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) induced by ultrasound (US) irradiation. Furthermore, the NPs can also serve as excellent photoacoustic (PA)/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agents, effectuating imaging-guided cancer treatment. CONCLUSION: Multifunctional MG@P NPs can effectuate the synergistic amplification effect of cancer starvation therapy and SDT by hypoxia modulation, and act as contrast agents to enhance MR/PA dual-modal imaging. Consequently, MG@P NPs might be a promising nano-platform for highly efficient cancer theranostics. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00837-0.