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The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics
Human skin and hair follicles are recognized sites of microbial colonization. These microbiota help regulate host immune mechanisms via an interplay between microbes and immune cells, influencing homeostasis and inflammation. Bacteria affect immune responses by controlling the local inflammatory mil...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7996884/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33652789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030236 |
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author | Constantinou, Andria Kanti, Varvara Polak-Witka, Katarzyna Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike Spyrou, George M. Vogt, Annika |
author_facet | Constantinou, Andria Kanti, Varvara Polak-Witka, Katarzyna Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike Spyrou, George M. Vogt, Annika |
author_sort | Constantinou, Andria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human skin and hair follicles are recognized sites of microbial colonization. These microbiota help regulate host immune mechanisms via an interplay between microbes and immune cells, influencing homeostasis and inflammation. Bacteria affect immune responses by controlling the local inflammatory milieu, the breakdown of which can result in chronic inflammatory disorders. Follicular microbiome shifts described in some inflammatory cutaneous diseases suggest a link between their development or perpetuation and dysbiosis. Though the hair follicle infundibulum is an area of intense immunological interactions, bulb and bulge regions represent immune-privileged niches. Immune privilege maintenance seems essential for hair growth and regeneration, as collapse and inflammation characterize inflammatory hair disorders like alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia. Current research largely focuses on immunological aberrations. However, studies suggest that external stimuli and interactions across the follicular epithelium can have profound effects on the local immune system, homeostasis, and cycling. Herein, we review hair follicle bacterial colonization, its possible effects on the underlying tissue, and links to the pathogenesis of alopecia, beyond the pure investigation of specific species abundance. As skin microbiology enters the metagenomics era, multi-dimensional approaches will enable a new level of investigations on the effects of microorganisms and metabolism on host tissue. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7996884 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79968842021-03-27 The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics Constantinou, Andria Kanti, Varvara Polak-Witka, Katarzyna Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike Spyrou, George M. Vogt, Annika Biomedicines Review Human skin and hair follicles are recognized sites of microbial colonization. These microbiota help regulate host immune mechanisms via an interplay between microbes and immune cells, influencing homeostasis and inflammation. Bacteria affect immune responses by controlling the local inflammatory milieu, the breakdown of which can result in chronic inflammatory disorders. Follicular microbiome shifts described in some inflammatory cutaneous diseases suggest a link between their development or perpetuation and dysbiosis. Though the hair follicle infundibulum is an area of intense immunological interactions, bulb and bulge regions represent immune-privileged niches. Immune privilege maintenance seems essential for hair growth and regeneration, as collapse and inflammation characterize inflammatory hair disorders like alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia. Current research largely focuses on immunological aberrations. However, studies suggest that external stimuli and interactions across the follicular epithelium can have profound effects on the local immune system, homeostasis, and cycling. Herein, we review hair follicle bacterial colonization, its possible effects on the underlying tissue, and links to the pathogenesis of alopecia, beyond the pure investigation of specific species abundance. As skin microbiology enters the metagenomics era, multi-dimensional approaches will enable a new level of investigations on the effects of microorganisms and metabolism on host tissue. MDPI 2021-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7996884/ /pubmed/33652789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030236 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Review Constantinou, Andria Kanti, Varvara Polak-Witka, Katarzyna Blume-Peytavi, Ulrike Spyrou, George M. Vogt, Annika The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics |
title | The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics |
title_full | The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics |
title_fullStr | The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics |
title_full_unstemmed | The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics |
title_short | The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics |
title_sort | potential relevance of the microbiome to hair physiology and regeneration: the emerging role of metagenomics |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7996884/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33652789 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030236 |
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