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Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh

Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vi...

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Autores principales: Jungjohann, Svenja M., Ara, Gulshan, Pedro, Catia, Friesen, Valerie M., Khanam, Mansura, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Neufeld, Lynnette M., Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670884
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030794
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author Jungjohann, Svenja M.
Ara, Gulshan
Pedro, Catia
Friesen, Valerie M.
Khanam, Mansura
Ahmed, Tahmeed
Neufeld, Lynnette M.
Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
author_facet Jungjohann, Svenja M.
Ara, Gulshan
Pedro, Catia
Friesen, Valerie M.
Khanam, Mansura
Ahmed, Tahmeed
Neufeld, Lynnette M.
Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
author_sort Jungjohann, Svenja M.
collection PubMed
description Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vitamin A content is aligned with fortification standards) of oil brands and producers and (3) the market volume represented by available edible oil types. We visited different retail outlets in rural and urban market hubs to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types and collected samples. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify average vitamin A content and compared them to the national oil fortification standards. Among the 66 packaged brands analyzed, 26 (39%) were not fortified, and 40 (61%) were fortified, with 28 (42%) fortified above the standard vitamin A minimum. Among the 41 bulk oil type composites analyzed, 24 (59%) were not fortified, and 17 (41%) were fortified, with 14 (34%) fortified below and 3 (7%) fortified above the standard minimum. Vitamin A fortification is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form. As bulk oil makes up a large proportion of the oil market volume, this means the majority of the oil volume available to the population is either not (25%) or fortified below the standard requirement (39%). Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support and incentivize the industry to make all oil traceable and fortified to standard.
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spelling pubmed-79972972021-03-27 Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh Jungjohann, Svenja M. Ara, Gulshan Pedro, Catia Friesen, Valerie M. Khanam, Mansura Ahmed, Tahmeed Neufeld, Lynnette M. Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N. Nutrients Article Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vitamin A content is aligned with fortification standards) of oil brands and producers and (3) the market volume represented by available edible oil types. We visited different retail outlets in rural and urban market hubs to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types and collected samples. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify average vitamin A content and compared them to the national oil fortification standards. Among the 66 packaged brands analyzed, 26 (39%) were not fortified, and 40 (61%) were fortified, with 28 (42%) fortified above the standard vitamin A minimum. Among the 41 bulk oil type composites analyzed, 24 (59%) were not fortified, and 17 (41%) were fortified, with 14 (34%) fortified below and 3 (7%) fortified above the standard minimum. Vitamin A fortification is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form. As bulk oil makes up a large proportion of the oil market volume, this means the majority of the oil volume available to the population is either not (25%) or fortified below the standard requirement (39%). Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support and incentivize the industry to make all oil traceable and fortified to standard. MDPI 2021-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7997297/ /pubmed/33670884 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030794 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Jungjohann, Svenja M.
Ara, Gulshan
Pedro, Catia
Friesen, Valerie M.
Khanam, Mansura
Ahmed, Tahmeed
Neufeld, Lynnette M.
Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.
Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh
title Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh
title_full Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh
title_fullStr Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh
title_short Vitamin A Fortification Quality Is High for Packaged and Branded Edible Oil but Low for Oil Sold in Unbranded, Loose Form: Findings from a Market Assessment in Bangladesh
title_sort vitamin a fortification quality is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form: findings from a market assessment in bangladesh
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670884
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030794
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