Cargando…

Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012

Limited information is available on protein intake and adequacy of protein intake among pregnant women. Using data from a sample of 528 pregnant women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2012, usual intake of protein (g/day and g/kg body weight (bw)/day) and preval...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Murphy, Mary M., Higgins, Kelly A., Bi, Xiaoyu, Barraj, Leila M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030795
_version_ 1783670303688228864
author Murphy, Mary M.
Higgins, Kelly A.
Bi, Xiaoyu
Barraj, Leila M.
author_facet Murphy, Mary M.
Higgins, Kelly A.
Bi, Xiaoyu
Barraj, Leila M.
author_sort Murphy, Mary M.
collection PubMed
description Limited information is available on protein intake and adequacy of protein intake among pregnant women. Using data from a sample of 528 pregnant women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2012, usual intake of protein (g/day and g/kg body weight (bw)/day) and prevalence of intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) by trimester of pregnancy were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. Percent contributions to protein intake by source (i.e., plant and animal, including type of animal source) were also calculated. Mean usual intake of protein was 88 ± 4.3, 82 ± 3.1, and 82 ± 2.9 g/day among women in trimester 1, 2, and 3 of pregnancy, respectively, or 1.30 ± 0.10, 1.35 ± 0.06, and 1.35 ± 0.05 g/kg bw/day, respectively. An estimated 4.5% of women in the first trimester of pregnancy consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.66 g/kg bw/day; among women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, 12.1% and 12.8% of women, respectively, consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.88 g/kg bw/day. Animal sources of protein accounted for approximately 66% of total protein. Findings from this study show that one in eight women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy have inadequate intake of protein. Pregnant women should be encouraged to consume sufficient levels of protein from a variety of sources.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7997328
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79973282021-03-27 Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012 Murphy, Mary M. Higgins, Kelly A. Bi, Xiaoyu Barraj, Leila M. Nutrients Article Limited information is available on protein intake and adequacy of protein intake among pregnant women. Using data from a sample of 528 pregnant women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2003–2012, usual intake of protein (g/day and g/kg body weight (bw)/day) and prevalence of intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) by trimester of pregnancy were calculated using the National Cancer Institute method. Percent contributions to protein intake by source (i.e., plant and animal, including type of animal source) were also calculated. Mean usual intake of protein was 88 ± 4.3, 82 ± 3.1, and 82 ± 2.9 g/day among women in trimester 1, 2, and 3 of pregnancy, respectively, or 1.30 ± 0.10, 1.35 ± 0.06, and 1.35 ± 0.05 g/kg bw/day, respectively. An estimated 4.5% of women in the first trimester of pregnancy consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.66 g/kg bw/day; among women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, 12.1% and 12.8% of women, respectively, consumed less protein than the EAR of 0.88 g/kg bw/day. Animal sources of protein accounted for approximately 66% of total protein. Findings from this study show that one in eight women in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy have inadequate intake of protein. Pregnant women should be encouraged to consume sufficient levels of protein from a variety of sources. MDPI 2021-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7997328/ /pubmed/33670970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030795 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Murphy, Mary M.
Higgins, Kelly A.
Bi, Xiaoyu
Barraj, Leila M.
Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012
title Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012
title_full Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012
title_fullStr Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012
title_full_unstemmed Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012
title_short Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003–2012
title_sort adequacy and sources of protein intake among pregnant women in the united states, nhanes 2003–2012
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33670970
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030795
work_keys_str_mv AT murphymarym adequacyandsourcesofproteinintakeamongpregnantwomenintheunitedstatesnhanes20032012
AT higginskellya adequacyandsourcesofproteinintakeamongpregnantwomenintheunitedstatesnhanes20032012
AT bixiaoyu adequacyandsourcesofproteinintakeamongpregnantwomenintheunitedstatesnhanes20032012
AT barrajleilam adequacyandsourcesofproteinintakeamongpregnantwomenintheunitedstatesnhanes20032012