Cargando…

Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cognitive function, the city’s social environment, and individual characteristics of older adults. The individual data of older people were from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016. The participants who were aged 65 an...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hsu, Hui-Chuan, Bai, Chyi-Huey
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802087
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062820
_version_ 1783670541373145088
author Hsu, Hui-Chuan
Bai, Chyi-Huey
author_facet Hsu, Hui-Chuan
Bai, Chyi-Huey
author_sort Hsu, Hui-Chuan
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cognitive function, the city’s social environment, and individual characteristics of older adults. The individual data of older people were from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016. The participants who were aged 65 and above were included in the analysis (n = 1356). City-level data were obtained for twenty cities in Taiwan. The data of city-level indicators were from governmental open data and Taiwan’s Age Friendly Environment Monitor Study. A multilevel mixed-effect model was applied in the analysis. Population density, median income, safety in the community, barrier-free sidewalks, high education rate of the population, low-income population rate, household income inequality, and elderly abuse rate were related to cognitive function in the bivariate analysis. When controlling for individual factors, the city’s low-income population rate was still significantly related to lower cognitive function. In addition, the participants who were at younger age, had a higher education level, had a better financial satisfaction, had worse self-rated health, had higher numbers of disease, and had better physical function had better cognitive function. Social and built environments associated with cognitive function highlight the importance of income security and the age friendliness of the city for older adults. Income security for older people and age-friendly city policies are suggested.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7998392
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-79983922021-03-28 Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan Hsu, Hui-Chuan Bai, Chyi-Huey Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between cognitive function, the city’s social environment, and individual characteristics of older adults. The individual data of older people were from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016. The participants who were aged 65 and above were included in the analysis (n = 1356). City-level data were obtained for twenty cities in Taiwan. The data of city-level indicators were from governmental open data and Taiwan’s Age Friendly Environment Monitor Study. A multilevel mixed-effect model was applied in the analysis. Population density, median income, safety in the community, barrier-free sidewalks, high education rate of the population, low-income population rate, household income inequality, and elderly abuse rate were related to cognitive function in the bivariate analysis. When controlling for individual factors, the city’s low-income population rate was still significantly related to lower cognitive function. In addition, the participants who were at younger age, had a higher education level, had a better financial satisfaction, had worse self-rated health, had higher numbers of disease, and had better physical function had better cognitive function. Social and built environments associated with cognitive function highlight the importance of income security and the age friendliness of the city for older adults. Income security for older people and age-friendly city policies are suggested. MDPI 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7998392/ /pubmed/33802087 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062820 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hsu, Hui-Chuan
Bai, Chyi-Huey
Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan
title Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan
title_full Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan
title_fullStr Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan
title_short Social and Built Environments Related to Cognitive Function of Older Adults: A Multi-Level Analysis Study in Taiwan
title_sort social and built environments related to cognitive function of older adults: a multi-level analysis study in taiwan
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802087
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062820
work_keys_str_mv AT hsuhuichuan socialandbuiltenvironmentsrelatedtocognitivefunctionofolderadultsamultilevelanalysisstudyintaiwan
AT baichyihuey socialandbuiltenvironmentsrelatedtocognitivefunctionofolderadultsamultilevelanalysisstudyintaiwan