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Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules
The drying process is a significant step in the manufacturing process of enteric hard capsules, which affects the physical and chemical properties of the capsules. Thus, the drying characteristics of plant-based enteric hard capsules were investigated at a constant air velocity of 2 m/s in a bench s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030335 |
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author | He, Chuqi Wang, Haodong Yang, Yucheng Huang, Yayan Zhang, Xueqin Arowo, Moses Ye, Jing Zhang, Na Xiao, Meitian |
author_facet | He, Chuqi Wang, Haodong Yang, Yucheng Huang, Yayan Zhang, Xueqin Arowo, Moses Ye, Jing Zhang, Na Xiao, Meitian |
author_sort | He, Chuqi |
collection | PubMed |
description | The drying process is a significant step in the manufacturing process of enteric hard capsules, which affects the physical and chemical properties of the capsules. Thus, the drying characteristics of plant-based enteric hard capsules were investigated at a constant air velocity of 2 m/s in a bench scale hot-air dryer under a temperature range of 25 to 45 °C and relative humidity of 40 to 80%. Results indicate that the drying process of the capsules mainly occur in a falling-rate period, implying that moisture transfer in the capsules is governed by internal moisture diffusion rate. High temperature and low relative humidity reduce drying time but increase the drying rate of the capsules. Investigation results of the mechanical properties and storage stability of the capsules, however, reveal that a fast drying rate leads to plant-based enteric hard capsules of low quality. Scanning electron microscopy further demonstrates that more layered cracks appear in capsules produced under a faster drying rate. The Page model yielded the best fit for describing thin-layer drying of the capsules based on the coefficient of determination and reduced chi-square. Moreover, it was established that the effective moisture diffusivity of the capsules increases with an increase in drying temperature or reduction in relative humidity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7998449 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79984492021-03-28 Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules He, Chuqi Wang, Haodong Yang, Yucheng Huang, Yayan Zhang, Xueqin Arowo, Moses Ye, Jing Zhang, Na Xiao, Meitian Pharmaceutics Article The drying process is a significant step in the manufacturing process of enteric hard capsules, which affects the physical and chemical properties of the capsules. Thus, the drying characteristics of plant-based enteric hard capsules were investigated at a constant air velocity of 2 m/s in a bench scale hot-air dryer under a temperature range of 25 to 45 °C and relative humidity of 40 to 80%. Results indicate that the drying process of the capsules mainly occur in a falling-rate period, implying that moisture transfer in the capsules is governed by internal moisture diffusion rate. High temperature and low relative humidity reduce drying time but increase the drying rate of the capsules. Investigation results of the mechanical properties and storage stability of the capsules, however, reveal that a fast drying rate leads to plant-based enteric hard capsules of low quality. Scanning electron microscopy further demonstrates that more layered cracks appear in capsules produced under a faster drying rate. The Page model yielded the best fit for describing thin-layer drying of the capsules based on the coefficient of determination and reduced chi-square. Moreover, it was established that the effective moisture diffusivity of the capsules increases with an increase in drying temperature or reduction in relative humidity. MDPI 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7998449/ /pubmed/33807531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030335 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article He, Chuqi Wang, Haodong Yang, Yucheng Huang, Yayan Zhang, Xueqin Arowo, Moses Ye, Jing Zhang, Na Xiao, Meitian Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules |
title | Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules |
title_full | Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules |
title_fullStr | Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules |
title_full_unstemmed | Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules |
title_short | Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules |
title_sort | drying behavior and kinetics of drying process of plant-based enteric hard capsules |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807531 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030335 |
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