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Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives

As most recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, congenital and perinatal infections are of significant concern to the pregnant population as compared to the general population. These outcomes can range from no apparent impact all the way to spontaneous abortion or fetal infection with long...

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Autores principales: Narang, Kavita, Cheek, Elizabeth H., Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L., Theiler, Regan N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805739
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062921
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author Narang, Kavita
Cheek, Elizabeth H.
Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L.
Theiler, Regan N.
author_facet Narang, Kavita
Cheek, Elizabeth H.
Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L.
Theiler, Regan N.
author_sort Narang, Kavita
collection PubMed
description As most recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, congenital and perinatal infections are of significant concern to the pregnant population as compared to the general population. These outcomes can range from no apparent impact all the way to spontaneous abortion or fetal infection with long term developmental consequences. While some pathogens have developed mechanisms to cross the placenta and directly infect the fetus, other pathogens lead to an upregulation in maternal or placental inflammation that can indirectly cause harm. The placenta is a temporary, yet critical organ that serves multiple important functions during gestation including facilitation of fetal nutrition, oxygenation, and prevention of fetal infection in utero. Here, we review trophoblast cell immunology and the molecular mechanisms utilized to protect the fetus from infection. Lastly, we discuss consequences in the placenta when these protections fail and the histopathologic result following infection.
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spelling pubmed-79986192021-03-28 Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives Narang, Kavita Cheek, Elizabeth H. Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L. Theiler, Regan N. Int J Mol Sci Review As most recently demonstrated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, congenital and perinatal infections are of significant concern to the pregnant population as compared to the general population. These outcomes can range from no apparent impact all the way to spontaneous abortion or fetal infection with long term developmental consequences. While some pathogens have developed mechanisms to cross the placenta and directly infect the fetus, other pathogens lead to an upregulation in maternal or placental inflammation that can indirectly cause harm. The placenta is a temporary, yet critical organ that serves multiple important functions during gestation including facilitation of fetal nutrition, oxygenation, and prevention of fetal infection in utero. Here, we review trophoblast cell immunology and the molecular mechanisms utilized to protect the fetus from infection. Lastly, we discuss consequences in the placenta when these protections fail and the histopathologic result following infection. MDPI 2021-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7998619/ /pubmed/33805739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062921 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Narang, Kavita
Cheek, Elizabeth H.
Enninga, Elizabeth Ann L.
Theiler, Regan N.
Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives
title Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives
title_full Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives
title_fullStr Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives
title_short Placental Immune Responses to Viruses: Molecular and Histo-Pathologic Perspectives
title_sort placental immune responses to viruses: molecular and histo-pathologic perspectives
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805739
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062921
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