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The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct cancer subpopulation that can influence the tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer progression and relapse. A multitude of factors including CSC properties, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and autophagy play pivotal roles in mainta...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998932/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33799834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061239 |
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author | Jahangiri, Leila Ishola, Tala Pucci, Perla Trigg, Ricky M. Pereira, Joao Williams, John A. Cavanagh, Megan L. Gkoutos, Georgios V. Tsaprouni, Loukia Turner, Suzanne D. |
author_facet | Jahangiri, Leila Ishola, Tala Pucci, Perla Trigg, Ricky M. Pereira, Joao Williams, John A. Cavanagh, Megan L. Gkoutos, Georgios V. Tsaprouni, Loukia Turner, Suzanne D. |
author_sort | Jahangiri, Leila |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct cancer subpopulation that can influence the tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer progression and relapse. A multitude of factors including CSC properties, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and autophagy play pivotal roles in maintaining CSCs. We discuss the methods of detection of CSCs and how our knowledge of regulatory and cellular processes, and their interaction with the microenvironment, may lead to more effective targeting of these cells. Autophagy and lncRNAs can regulate several cellular functions, thereby promoting stemness factors and CSC properties, hence understanding this triangle and its associated signalling networks can lead to enhanced therapy response, while paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. ABSTRACT: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7998932 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79989322021-03-28 The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells Jahangiri, Leila Ishola, Tala Pucci, Perla Trigg, Ricky M. Pereira, Joao Williams, John A. Cavanagh, Megan L. Gkoutos, Georgios V. Tsaprouni, Loukia Turner, Suzanne D. Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct cancer subpopulation that can influence the tumour microenvironment, in addition to cancer progression and relapse. A multitude of factors including CSC properties, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and autophagy play pivotal roles in maintaining CSCs. We discuss the methods of detection of CSCs and how our knowledge of regulatory and cellular processes, and their interaction with the microenvironment, may lead to more effective targeting of these cells. Autophagy and lncRNAs can regulate several cellular functions, thereby promoting stemness factors and CSC properties, hence understanding this triangle and its associated signalling networks can lead to enhanced therapy response, while paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. ABSTRACT: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess properties such as self-renewal, resistance to apoptotic cues, quiescence, and DNA-damage repair capacity. Moreover, CSCs strongly influence the tumour microenvironment (TME) and may account for cancer progression, recurrence, and relapse. CSCs represent a distinct subpopulation in tumours and the detection, characterisation, and understanding of the regulatory landscape and cellular processes that govern their maintenance may pave the way to improving prognosis, selective targeted therapy, and therapy outcomes. In this review, we have discussed the characteristics of CSCs identified in various cancer types and the role of autophagy and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the homeostasis of CSCs. Further, we have discussed methods to detect CSCs and strategies for treatment and relapse, taking into account the requirement to inhibit CSC growth and survival within the complex backdrop of cellular processes, microenvironmental interactions, and regulatory networks associated with cancer. Finally, we critique the computationally reinforced triangle of factors inclusive of CSC properties, the process of autophagy, and lncRNA and their associated networks with respect to hypoxia, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and signalling pathways. MDPI 2021-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7998932/ /pubmed/33799834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061239 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Jahangiri, Leila Ishola, Tala Pucci, Perla Trigg, Ricky M. Pereira, Joao Williams, John A. Cavanagh, Megan L. Gkoutos, Georgios V. Tsaprouni, Loukia Turner, Suzanne D. The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells |
title | The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells |
title_full | The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells |
title_fullStr | The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells |
title_short | The Role of Autophagy and lncRNAs in the Maintenance of Cancer Stem Cells |
title_sort | role of autophagy and lncrnas in the maintenance of cancer stem cells |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998932/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33799834 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061239 |
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