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Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy

Published data suggest that immunotherapy plays a role even in patients with very advanced tumours. We investigated the immune profile of end-stage cancer patients treated with immunotherapy to identify changes induced by treatment. Breast, colon, renal and prostate cancer patients were eligible. Tr...

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Autores principales: Merlano, Marco Carlo, Abbona, Andrea, Paccagnella, Matteo, Falletta, Antonella, Granetto, Cristina, Ricci, Vincenzo, Fea, Elena, Denaro, Nerina, Ruatta, Fiorella, Merlotti, Anna, Bertetto, Oscar, Crosetto, Nicola, Galizia, Danilo, Basiricò, Marco, Gammaitoni, Loretta, Sangiolo, Dario, Aglietta, Massimo, Garrone, Ornella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800511
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030235
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author Merlano, Marco Carlo
Abbona, Andrea
Paccagnella, Matteo
Falletta, Antonella
Granetto, Cristina
Ricci, Vincenzo
Fea, Elena
Denaro, Nerina
Ruatta, Fiorella
Merlotti, Anna
Bertetto, Oscar
Crosetto, Nicola
Galizia, Danilo
Basiricò, Marco
Gammaitoni, Loretta
Sangiolo, Dario
Aglietta, Massimo
Garrone, Ornella
author_facet Merlano, Marco Carlo
Abbona, Andrea
Paccagnella, Matteo
Falletta, Antonella
Granetto, Cristina
Ricci, Vincenzo
Fea, Elena
Denaro, Nerina
Ruatta, Fiorella
Merlotti, Anna
Bertetto, Oscar
Crosetto, Nicola
Galizia, Danilo
Basiricò, Marco
Gammaitoni, Loretta
Sangiolo, Dario
Aglietta, Massimo
Garrone, Ornella
author_sort Merlano, Marco Carlo
collection PubMed
description Published data suggest that immunotherapy plays a role even in patients with very advanced tumours. We investigated the immune profile of end-stage cancer patients treated with immunotherapy to identify changes induced by treatment. Breast, colon, renal and prostate cancer patients were eligible. Treatment consisted of metronomic cyclophosphamide, low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a single radiation shot. A panel of 16 cytokines was assessed using automated ELISA before treatment (T0), after radiation (RT; T1), at cycle 2 (T2) and at disease progression (TPD). Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify cytokine cut-off related to overall survival (OS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the immune profile correlating better with OS and progression-free survival. Twenty-three patients were enrolled. High IL-2, low IL-8 and CCL-2 correlated with OS. The PCA identified a cluster of patients, with high IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels at T0 having longer PFS and OS. In all cohorts, IL-2 and IL-5 increased from T0 to T2; a higher CCL-4 level compared to T2 and a higher IL-8 level compared to T0 were found at TPD. The progressive increase of the IL-10 level during treatment negatively correlated with OS. Our data suggested that baseline cytokine levels may predict patients’ outcome and that the treatment may affect their kinetic even in end-stage patients. Cytokine profiling of end-stage patients might offer a tool for medical decisions (EUDRACT: 2016-000578-39).
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spelling pubmed-79990722021-03-28 Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy Merlano, Marco Carlo Abbona, Andrea Paccagnella, Matteo Falletta, Antonella Granetto, Cristina Ricci, Vincenzo Fea, Elena Denaro, Nerina Ruatta, Fiorella Merlotti, Anna Bertetto, Oscar Crosetto, Nicola Galizia, Danilo Basiricò, Marco Gammaitoni, Loretta Sangiolo, Dario Aglietta, Massimo Garrone, Ornella Vaccines (Basel) Article Published data suggest that immunotherapy plays a role even in patients with very advanced tumours. We investigated the immune profile of end-stage cancer patients treated with immunotherapy to identify changes induced by treatment. Breast, colon, renal and prostate cancer patients were eligible. Treatment consisted of metronomic cyclophosphamide, low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) and a single radiation shot. A panel of 16 cytokines was assessed using automated ELISA before treatment (T0), after radiation (RT; T1), at cycle 2 (T2) and at disease progression (TPD). Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to identify cytokine cut-off related to overall survival (OS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the immune profile correlating better with OS and progression-free survival. Twenty-three patients were enrolled. High IL-2, low IL-8 and CCL-2 correlated with OS. The PCA identified a cluster of patients, with high IL-2, IL-12 and IFN-γ levels at T0 having longer PFS and OS. In all cohorts, IL-2 and IL-5 increased from T0 to T2; a higher CCL-4 level compared to T2 and a higher IL-8 level compared to T0 were found at TPD. The progressive increase of the IL-10 level during treatment negatively correlated with OS. Our data suggested that baseline cytokine levels may predict patients’ outcome and that the treatment may affect their kinetic even in end-stage patients. Cytokine profiling of end-stage patients might offer a tool for medical decisions (EUDRACT: 2016-000578-39). MDPI 2021-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7999072/ /pubmed/33800511 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030235 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Merlano, Marco Carlo
Abbona, Andrea
Paccagnella, Matteo
Falletta, Antonella
Granetto, Cristina
Ricci, Vincenzo
Fea, Elena
Denaro, Nerina
Ruatta, Fiorella
Merlotti, Anna
Bertetto, Oscar
Crosetto, Nicola
Galizia, Danilo
Basiricò, Marco
Gammaitoni, Loretta
Sangiolo, Dario
Aglietta, Massimo
Garrone, Ornella
Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy
title Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy
title_full Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy
title_fullStr Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy
title_short Cytokine Profiling of End Stage Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy
title_sort cytokine profiling of end stage cancer patients treated with immunotherapy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999072/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800511
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9030235
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