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Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions

Hypergolic systems rely on organic fuel and a powerful oxidizer that spontaneously ignites upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main utilization pertains to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been established from our group as a new ge...

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Autores principales: Chalmpes, Nikolaos, Moschovas, Dimitrios, Tantis, Iosif, Bourlinos, Athanasios B., Bakandritsos, Aristides, Fotiadou, Renia, Patila, Michaela, Stamatis, Haralambos, Avgeropoulos, Apostolos, Karakassides, Michael A., Gournis, Dimitrios
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999089/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805728
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061595
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author Chalmpes, Nikolaos
Moschovas, Dimitrios
Tantis, Iosif
Bourlinos, Athanasios B.
Bakandritsos, Aristides
Fotiadou, Renia
Patila, Michaela
Stamatis, Haralambos
Avgeropoulos, Apostolos
Karakassides, Michael A.
Gournis, Dimitrios
author_facet Chalmpes, Nikolaos
Moschovas, Dimitrios
Tantis, Iosif
Bourlinos, Athanasios B.
Bakandritsos, Aristides
Fotiadou, Renia
Patila, Michaela
Stamatis, Haralambos
Avgeropoulos, Apostolos
Karakassides, Michael A.
Gournis, Dimitrios
author_sort Chalmpes, Nikolaos
collection PubMed
description Hypergolic systems rely on organic fuel and a powerful oxidizer that spontaneously ignites upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main utilization pertains to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been established from our group as a new general method for the synthesis of different morphologies of carbon nanostructures depending on the hypergolic pair (organic fuel-oxidizer). In search of new pairs, the hypergolic mixture described here contains polyaniline as the organic source of carbon and fuming nitric acid as strong oxidizer. Specifically, the two reagents react rapidly and spontaneously upon contact at ambient conditions to afford carbon nanosheets. Further liquid-phase exfoliation of the nanosheets in dimethylformamide results in dispersed single layers exhibiting strong Tyndall effect. The method can be extended to other conductive polymers, such as polythiophene and polypyrrole, leading to the formation of different type carbon nanostructures (e.g., photolumincent carbon dots). Apart from being a new synthesis pathway towards carbon nanomaterials and a new type of reaction for conductive polymers, the present hypergolic pairs also provide a novel set of rocket bipropellants based on conductive polymers.
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spelling pubmed-79990892021-03-28 Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions Chalmpes, Nikolaos Moschovas, Dimitrios Tantis, Iosif Bourlinos, Athanasios B. Bakandritsos, Aristides Fotiadou, Renia Patila, Michaela Stamatis, Haralambos Avgeropoulos, Apostolos Karakassides, Michael A. Gournis, Dimitrios Molecules Article Hypergolic systems rely on organic fuel and a powerful oxidizer that spontaneously ignites upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main utilization pertains to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been established from our group as a new general method for the synthesis of different morphologies of carbon nanostructures depending on the hypergolic pair (organic fuel-oxidizer). In search of new pairs, the hypergolic mixture described here contains polyaniline as the organic source of carbon and fuming nitric acid as strong oxidizer. Specifically, the two reagents react rapidly and spontaneously upon contact at ambient conditions to afford carbon nanosheets. Further liquid-phase exfoliation of the nanosheets in dimethylformamide results in dispersed single layers exhibiting strong Tyndall effect. The method can be extended to other conductive polymers, such as polythiophene and polypyrrole, leading to the formation of different type carbon nanostructures (e.g., photolumincent carbon dots). Apart from being a new synthesis pathway towards carbon nanomaterials and a new type of reaction for conductive polymers, the present hypergolic pairs also provide a novel set of rocket bipropellants based on conductive polymers. MDPI 2021-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7999089/ /pubmed/33805728 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061595 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chalmpes, Nikolaos
Moschovas, Dimitrios
Tantis, Iosif
Bourlinos, Athanasios B.
Bakandritsos, Aristides
Fotiadou, Renia
Patila, Michaela
Stamatis, Haralambos
Avgeropoulos, Apostolos
Karakassides, Michael A.
Gournis, Dimitrios
Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions
title Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions
title_full Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions
title_fullStr Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions
title_full_unstemmed Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions
title_short Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions
title_sort carbon nanostructures derived through hypergolic reaction of conductive polymers with fuming nitric acid at ambient conditions
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999089/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805728
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061595
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