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Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study

Background: Saudi Arabia has a high burden of diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. The objective of this study was to explore the association between glycosylated hemoglobin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An interview...

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Autores principales: AlQuaiz, AlJohara M, Alrasheed, Abdullah A, Kazi, Ambreen, Batais, Mohammad Ali, Alhabeeb, Khaled M, Jamal, Amr, Fouda, Mona A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801988
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062805
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author AlQuaiz, AlJohara M
Alrasheed, Abdullah A
Kazi, Ambreen
Batais, Mohammad Ali
Alhabeeb, Khaled M
Jamal, Amr
Fouda, Mona A
author_facet AlQuaiz, AlJohara M
Alrasheed, Abdullah A
Kazi, Ambreen
Batais, Mohammad Ali
Alhabeeb, Khaled M
Jamal, Amr
Fouda, Mona A
author_sort AlQuaiz, AlJohara M
collection PubMed
description Background: Saudi Arabia has a high burden of diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. The objective of this study was to explore the association between glycosylated hemoglobin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An interview based cross-sectional study was conducted on 606 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 30–75 years, visiting primary health care centers. Blood samples were collected for measuring HbA1c, 25(OH)D and bone and lipid markers. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between HbA1c and 25(OH)D. Results: The mean (±SD) levels for HbA1c and 25(OH) D were 7.69 (±1.77) and 44.28 (±23.06), respectively. Around 55% of patients had uncontrolled HbA1c (>7.0), whereas vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was found in 52.3% (=317). Multiple linear regression analysis found that a unit increase in vitamin D levels and parathyroid hormone levels was associated with −0.17 (−0.02, −0.01, p < 0.001) and −0.20 (−2.66, −1.18, p < 0.001) unit decrease in levels of HbA1c, respectively. Similarly, increasing age was associated with −0.15 (−0.01, −0.04, p = 0.002) unit decrease in HbA1c levels, whereas unit increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and diabetes duration were associated with 0.22 (0.01, 0.02, p < 0.001), 0.14 (1.03, 3.88, p = 0.001) and 0.26 (0.42, 0.78, p < 0.001) unit increase in HbA1c levels, respectively. Conclusion: HbA1c levels are associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. For better control of HbA1c levels, it is important to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bone markers within normal range.
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spelling pubmed-79990912021-03-28 Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study AlQuaiz, AlJohara M Alrasheed, Abdullah A Kazi, Ambreen Batais, Mohammad Ali Alhabeeb, Khaled M Jamal, Amr Fouda, Mona A Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Saudi Arabia has a high burden of diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. The objective of this study was to explore the association between glycosylated hemoglobin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An interview based cross-sectional study was conducted on 606 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 30–75 years, visiting primary health care centers. Blood samples were collected for measuring HbA1c, 25(OH)D and bone and lipid markers. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between HbA1c and 25(OH)D. Results: The mean (±SD) levels for HbA1c and 25(OH) D were 7.69 (±1.77) and 44.28 (±23.06), respectively. Around 55% of patients had uncontrolled HbA1c (>7.0), whereas vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was found in 52.3% (=317). Multiple linear regression analysis found that a unit increase in vitamin D levels and parathyroid hormone levels was associated with −0.17 (−0.02, −0.01, p < 0.001) and −0.20 (−2.66, −1.18, p < 0.001) unit decrease in levels of HbA1c, respectively. Similarly, increasing age was associated with −0.15 (−0.01, −0.04, p = 0.002) unit decrease in HbA1c levels, whereas unit increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and diabetes duration were associated with 0.22 (0.01, 0.02, p < 0.001), 0.14 (1.03, 3.88, p = 0.001) and 0.26 (0.42, 0.78, p < 0.001) unit increase in HbA1c levels, respectively. Conclusion: HbA1c levels are associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. For better control of HbA1c levels, it is important to maintain 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and bone markers within normal range. MDPI 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7999091/ /pubmed/33801988 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062805 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
AlQuaiz, AlJohara M
Alrasheed, Abdullah A
Kazi, Ambreen
Batais, Mohammad Ali
Alhabeeb, Khaled M
Jamal, Amr
Fouda, Mona A
Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study
title Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study
title_full Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study
title_fullStr Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study
title_full_unstemmed Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study
title_short Is 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Associated with Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia? A Population Based Study
title_sort is 25-hydroxyvitamin d associated with glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in saudi arabia? a population based study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801988
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062805
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