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Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem

Phosphites have been used to control Sudden Oak Death; however, their precise mode of action is not fully understood. To study the mechanism of action of phosphites, we conducted an inoculation experiment on two open-pollinated tanoak families, previously found to be partially resistant. Stems of tr...

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Autores principales: Kasuga, Takao, Hayden, Katherine J., Eyre, Catherine A., Croucher, Peter J. P., Schechter, Shannon, Wright, Jessica W., Garbelotto, Matteo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803362
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030198
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author Kasuga, Takao
Hayden, Katherine J.
Eyre, Catherine A.
Croucher, Peter J. P.
Schechter, Shannon
Wright, Jessica W.
Garbelotto, Matteo
author_facet Kasuga, Takao
Hayden, Katherine J.
Eyre, Catherine A.
Croucher, Peter J. P.
Schechter, Shannon
Wright, Jessica W.
Garbelotto, Matteo
author_sort Kasuga, Takao
collection PubMed
description Phosphites have been used to control Sudden Oak Death; however, their precise mode of action is not fully understood. To study the mechanism of action of phosphites, we conducted an inoculation experiment on two open-pollinated tanoak families, previously found to be partially resistant. Stems of treatment group individuals were sprayed with phosphite, and seven days later, distal leaves were inoculated with the Sudden Oak Death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Leaves from treated and untreated control plants were harvested before and seven days after inoculation, and transcriptomes of both host and pathogen were analyzed. We found that tanoak families differed in the presence of innate resistance (resistance displayed by untreated tanoak) and in the response to phosphite treatment. A set of expressed genes associated with innate resistance was found to overlap with an expressed gene set for phosphite-induced resistance. This observation may indicate that phosphite treatment increases the resistance of susceptible host plants. In addition, genes of the pathogen involved in detoxification were upregulated in phosphite-treated plants compared to phosphite-untreated plants. In summary, our RNA-Seq analysis supports a two-fold mode of action of phosphites, including a direct toxic effect on P. ramorum and an indirect enhancement of resistance in the tanoak host.
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spelling pubmed-79991002021-03-28 Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem Kasuga, Takao Hayden, Katherine J. Eyre, Catherine A. Croucher, Peter J. P. Schechter, Shannon Wright, Jessica W. Garbelotto, Matteo J Fungi (Basel) Article Phosphites have been used to control Sudden Oak Death; however, their precise mode of action is not fully understood. To study the mechanism of action of phosphites, we conducted an inoculation experiment on two open-pollinated tanoak families, previously found to be partially resistant. Stems of treatment group individuals were sprayed with phosphite, and seven days later, distal leaves were inoculated with the Sudden Oak Death pathogen Phytophthora ramorum. Leaves from treated and untreated control plants were harvested before and seven days after inoculation, and transcriptomes of both host and pathogen were analyzed. We found that tanoak families differed in the presence of innate resistance (resistance displayed by untreated tanoak) and in the response to phosphite treatment. A set of expressed genes associated with innate resistance was found to overlap with an expressed gene set for phosphite-induced resistance. This observation may indicate that phosphite treatment increases the resistance of susceptible host plants. In addition, genes of the pathogen involved in detoxification were upregulated in phosphite-treated plants compared to phosphite-untreated plants. In summary, our RNA-Seq analysis supports a two-fold mode of action of phosphites, including a direct toxic effect on P. ramorum and an indirect enhancement of resistance in the tanoak host. MDPI 2021-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC7999100/ /pubmed/33803362 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030198 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Kasuga, Takao
Hayden, Katherine J.
Eyre, Catherine A.
Croucher, Peter J. P.
Schechter, Shannon
Wright, Jessica W.
Garbelotto, Matteo
Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem
title Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem
title_full Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem
title_fullStr Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem
title_full_unstemmed Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem
title_short Innate Resistance and Phosphite Treatment Affect Both the Pathogen’s and Host’s Transcriptomes in the Tanoak-Phytophthora ramorum Pathosystem
title_sort innate resistance and phosphite treatment affect both the pathogen’s and host’s transcriptomes in the tanoak-phytophthora ramorum pathosystem
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803362
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7030198
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