Cargando…
Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure
Transmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33809366 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062927 |
_version_ | 1783670766249705472 |
---|---|
author | Hussein, Tareq Löndahl, Jakob Thuresson, Sara Alsved, Malin Al-Hunaiti, Afnan Saksela, Kalle Aqel, Hazem Junninen, Heikki Mahura, Alexander Kulmala, Markku |
author_facet | Hussein, Tareq Löndahl, Jakob Thuresson, Sara Alsved, Malin Al-Hunaiti, Afnan Saksela, Kalle Aqel, Hazem Junninen, Heikki Mahura, Alexander Kulmala, Markku |
author_sort | Hussein, Tareq |
collection | PubMed |
description | Transmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission is not yet fully understood. Here, we used an indoor aerosol model combined with a regional inhaled deposited dose model to examine the indoor transport of aerosols from an infected person with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to a susceptible person and assess the potential inhaled dose rate of particles. Two scenarios with different ventilation rates were compared, as well as adult female versus male recipients. Assuming a source strength of 10 viruses/s, in a tightly closed room with poor ventilation (0.5 h(−1)), the respiratory tract deposited dose rate was 140–350 and 100–260 inhaled viruses/hour for males and females; respectively. With ventilation at 3 h(−1) the dose rate was only 30–90 viruses/hour. Correcting for the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 in air, these numbers are reduced by a factor of 1.2–2.2 for poorly ventilated rooms and 1.1–1.4 for well-ventilated rooms. Combined with future determinations of virus emission rates, the size distribution of aerosols containing the virus, and the infectious dose, these results could play an important role in understanding the full picture of potential inhalation transmission in indoor environments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7999367 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-79993672021-03-28 Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure Hussein, Tareq Löndahl, Jakob Thuresson, Sara Alsved, Malin Al-Hunaiti, Afnan Saksela, Kalle Aqel, Hazem Junninen, Heikki Mahura, Alexander Kulmala, Markku Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Transmission of respiratory viruses is a complex process involving emission, deposition in the airways, and infection. Inhalation is often the most relevant transmission mode in indoor environments. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the risk of inhalation transmission is not yet fully understood. Here, we used an indoor aerosol model combined with a regional inhaled deposited dose model to examine the indoor transport of aerosols from an infected person with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to a susceptible person and assess the potential inhaled dose rate of particles. Two scenarios with different ventilation rates were compared, as well as adult female versus male recipients. Assuming a source strength of 10 viruses/s, in a tightly closed room with poor ventilation (0.5 h(−1)), the respiratory tract deposited dose rate was 140–350 and 100–260 inhaled viruses/hour for males and females; respectively. With ventilation at 3 h(−1) the dose rate was only 30–90 viruses/hour. Correcting for the half-life of SARS-CoV-2 in air, these numbers are reduced by a factor of 1.2–2.2 for poorly ventilated rooms and 1.1–1.4 for well-ventilated rooms. Combined with future determinations of virus emission rates, the size distribution of aerosols containing the virus, and the infectious dose, these results could play an important role in understanding the full picture of potential inhalation transmission in indoor environments. MDPI 2021-03-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7999367/ /pubmed/33809366 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062927 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hussein, Tareq Löndahl, Jakob Thuresson, Sara Alsved, Malin Al-Hunaiti, Afnan Saksela, Kalle Aqel, Hazem Junninen, Heikki Mahura, Alexander Kulmala, Markku Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title | Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_full | Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_fullStr | Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed | Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_short | Indoor Model Simulation for COVID-19 Transport and Exposure |
title_sort | indoor model simulation for covid-19 transport and exposure |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999367/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33809366 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062927 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT husseintareq indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT londahljakob indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT thuressonsara indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT alsvedmalin indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT alhunaitiafnan indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT sakselakalle indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT aqelhazem indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT junninenheikki indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT mahuraalexander indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure AT kulmalamarkku indoormodelsimulationforcovid19transportandexposure |