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Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy

Species of the genus Crocus are found over a wide range of climatic areas. In natural habitats, these geophytes diverge in the flowering strategies. This variability was assessed by analyzing the flowering traits of the Spanish collection of wild crocuses, preserved in the Bank of Plant Germplasm of...

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Autores principales: Pastor-Férriz, Teresa, De-los-Mozos-Pascual, Marcelino, Renau-Morata, Begoña, Nebauer, Sergio G., Sanchis, Enrique, Busconi, Matteo, Fernández, José-Antonio, Kamenetsky, Rina, Molina, Rosa V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030477
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author Pastor-Férriz, Teresa
De-los-Mozos-Pascual, Marcelino
Renau-Morata, Begoña
Nebauer, Sergio G.
Sanchis, Enrique
Busconi, Matteo
Fernández, José-Antonio
Kamenetsky, Rina
Molina, Rosa V.
author_facet Pastor-Férriz, Teresa
De-los-Mozos-Pascual, Marcelino
Renau-Morata, Begoña
Nebauer, Sergio G.
Sanchis, Enrique
Busconi, Matteo
Fernández, José-Antonio
Kamenetsky, Rina
Molina, Rosa V.
author_sort Pastor-Férriz, Teresa
collection PubMed
description Species of the genus Crocus are found over a wide range of climatic areas. In natural habitats, these geophytes diverge in the flowering strategies. This variability was assessed by analyzing the flowering traits of the Spanish collection of wild crocuses, preserved in the Bank of Plant Germplasm of Cuenca. Plants of the seven Spanish species were analyzed both in their natural environments (58 native populations) and in common garden experiments (112 accessions). Differences among species observed in the native habitats were maintained under uniform environmental conditions, suggesting a genetic basis for flowering mechanisms. Two eco-morphological types, autumn- and spring-flowering species, share similar patterns of floral induction and differentiation period in summer. The optimal temperature for this process was 23 °C for both types. Unlike Irano-Turanian crocuses, spring-flowering Spanish species do not require low winter temperatures for flower elongation. Hysteranthous crocuses flower in autumn prior to leaf elongation. We conclude that the variability in flowering traits in crocuses is related to the genetic and environmental regulation of flower primordia differentiation and elongation prior to emergence above the soil surface. The elucidation of the physiological differences between eco-morphological types of crocuses: synanthous with cold requirements and synanthous and hysteranthous without cold requirements, unlocks a new approach to the flowering evolution of geophytes in Mediterranean regions. Crocus species can serve both as a new model in the study of the molecular basis of hysteranthy and for the purposes of developing the molecular markers for desirable flowering traits.
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spelling pubmed-79994892021-03-28 Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy Pastor-Férriz, Teresa De-los-Mozos-Pascual, Marcelino Renau-Morata, Begoña Nebauer, Sergio G. Sanchis, Enrique Busconi, Matteo Fernández, José-Antonio Kamenetsky, Rina Molina, Rosa V. Plants (Basel) Article Species of the genus Crocus are found over a wide range of climatic areas. In natural habitats, these geophytes diverge in the flowering strategies. This variability was assessed by analyzing the flowering traits of the Spanish collection of wild crocuses, preserved in the Bank of Plant Germplasm of Cuenca. Plants of the seven Spanish species were analyzed both in their natural environments (58 native populations) and in common garden experiments (112 accessions). Differences among species observed in the native habitats were maintained under uniform environmental conditions, suggesting a genetic basis for flowering mechanisms. Two eco-morphological types, autumn- and spring-flowering species, share similar patterns of floral induction and differentiation period in summer. The optimal temperature for this process was 23 °C for both types. Unlike Irano-Turanian crocuses, spring-flowering Spanish species do not require low winter temperatures for flower elongation. Hysteranthous crocuses flower in autumn prior to leaf elongation. We conclude that the variability in flowering traits in crocuses is related to the genetic and environmental regulation of flower primordia differentiation and elongation prior to emergence above the soil surface. The elucidation of the physiological differences between eco-morphological types of crocuses: synanthous with cold requirements and synanthous and hysteranthous without cold requirements, unlocks a new approach to the flowering evolution of geophytes in Mediterranean regions. Crocus species can serve both as a new model in the study of the molecular basis of hysteranthy and for the purposes of developing the molecular markers for desirable flowering traits. MDPI 2021-03-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7999489/ /pubmed/33802494 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030477 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Pastor-Férriz, Teresa
De-los-Mozos-Pascual, Marcelino
Renau-Morata, Begoña
Nebauer, Sergio G.
Sanchis, Enrique
Busconi, Matteo
Fernández, José-Antonio
Kamenetsky, Rina
Molina, Rosa V.
Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy
title Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy
title_full Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy
title_fullStr Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy
title_full_unstemmed Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy
title_short Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy
title_sort ongoing evolution in the genus crocus: diversity of flowering strategies on the way to hysteranthy
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33802494
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030477
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