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Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols

Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known...

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Autores principales: Nowicka, Beatrycze, Trela-Makowej, Agnieszka, Latowski, Dariusz, Strzalka, Kazimierz, Szymańska, Renata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33799456
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062950
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author Nowicka, Beatrycze
Trela-Makowej, Agnieszka
Latowski, Dariusz
Strzalka, Kazimierz
Szymańska, Renata
author_facet Nowicka, Beatrycze
Trela-Makowej, Agnieszka
Latowski, Dariusz
Strzalka, Kazimierz
Szymańska, Renata
author_sort Nowicka, Beatrycze
collection PubMed
description Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O(2) formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling.
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spelling pubmed-79998352021-03-28 Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols Nowicka, Beatrycze Trela-Makowej, Agnieszka Latowski, Dariusz Strzalka, Kazimierz Szymańska, Renata Int J Mol Sci Review Plant prenyllipids, especially isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, are very efficient low-molecular-weight lipophilic antioxidants, protecting membranes and storage lipids from reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are byproducts of aerobic metabolism that can damage cell components, they are also known to play a role in signaling. Plants are particularly prone to oxidative damage because oxygenic photosynthesis results in O(2) formation in their green tissues. In addition, the photosynthetic electron transfer chain is an important source of ROS. Therefore, chloroplasts are the main site of ROS generation in plant cells during the light reactions of photosynthesis, and plastidic antioxidants are crucial to prevent oxidative stress, which occurs when plants are exposed to various types of stress factors, both biotic and abiotic. The increase in antioxidant content during stress acclimation is a common phenomenon. In the present review, we describe the mechanisms of ROS (singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) production in chloroplasts in general and during exposure to abiotic stress factors, such as high light, low temperature, drought and salinity. We highlight the dual role of their presence: negative (i.e., lipid peroxidation, pigment and protein oxidation) and positive (i.e., contribution in redox-based physiological processes). Then we provide a summary of current knowledge concerning plastidic prenyllipid antioxidants belonging to isoprenoid chromanols and quinols, as well as their structure, occurrence, biosynthesis and function both in ROS detoxification and signaling. MDPI 2021-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7999835/ /pubmed/33799456 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062950 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nowicka, Beatrycze
Trela-Makowej, Agnieszka
Latowski, Dariusz
Strzalka, Kazimierz
Szymańska, Renata
Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols
title Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols
title_full Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols
title_fullStr Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols
title_full_unstemmed Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols
title_short Antioxidant and Signaling Role of Plastid-Derived Isoprenoid Quinones and Chromanols
title_sort antioxidant and signaling role of plastid-derived isoprenoid quinones and chromanols
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7999835/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33799456
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062950
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