Low Cost, Easy to Prepare and Disposable Electrochemical Molecularly Imprinted Sensor for Diclofenac Detection

In this work, a disposable electrochemical (voltammetric) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor for the selective determination of diclofenac (DCF) was constructed. The proposed MIP-sensor permits fast (30 min) analysis, is cheap, easy to prepare and has the potential to be integrated with portable devices. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, surface imprinting by electropolymerization was used to prepare a MIP on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). MIP preparation was achieved by cyclic voltammetry (CV), using dopamine (DA) as a monomer in the presence of DCF. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) detection of DCF at MIP/SPCE and non-imprinted control sensors (NIP) showed an imprinting factor of 2.5. Several experimental preparation parameters were studied and optimized. CV and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments were performed to evaluate the electrode surface modifications. The MIP sensor showed adequate selectivity (in comparison with other drug molecules), intra-day repeatability of 7.5%, inter-day repeatability of 11.5%, a linear range between 0.1 and 10 μM (r(2) = 0.9963) and a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 70 and 200 nM, respectively. Its applicability was successfully demonstrated by the determination of DCF in spiked water samples (river and tap water).