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The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer commonly affects women of older age; however, in developing countries, up to 20% of breast cancer cases present in young women (younger than 40 years as defined by oncology literature). Breast cancer in young women is often defined to be aggressive in nature, usually of high histologic...

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Autores principales: Siddig, Alaa, Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani, Mohd Nafi, Siti Norasikin, Yahya, Maya Mazuwin, Sulong, Sarina, Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000244/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807872
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030372
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author Siddig, Alaa
Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani
Mohd Nafi, Siti Norasikin
Yahya, Maya Mazuwin
Sulong, Sarina
Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah
author_facet Siddig, Alaa
Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani
Mohd Nafi, Siti Norasikin
Yahya, Maya Mazuwin
Sulong, Sarina
Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah
author_sort Siddig, Alaa
collection PubMed
description Breast cancer commonly affects women of older age; however, in developing countries, up to 20% of breast cancer cases present in young women (younger than 40 years as defined by oncology literature). Breast cancer in young women is often defined to be aggressive in nature, usually of high histological grade at the time of diagnosis and negative for endocrine receptors with poor overall survival rate. Several researchers have attributed this aggressive nature to a hidden unique biology. However, findings in this aspect remain controversial. Thus, in this article, we aimed to review published work addressing somatic mutations, chromosome copy number variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms, differential gene expression, microRNAs and gene methylation profile of early-onset breast cancer, as well as its altered pathways resulting from those aberrations. Distinct biology behind early-onset of breast cancer was clear among estrogen receptor-positive and sporadic cases. However, further research is needed to determine and validate specific novel markers, which may help in customizing therapy for this group of patients.
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spelling pubmed-80002442021-03-28 The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer Siddig, Alaa Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani Mohd Nafi, Siti Norasikin Yahya, Maya Mazuwin Sulong, Sarina Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah Genes (Basel) Review Breast cancer commonly affects women of older age; however, in developing countries, up to 20% of breast cancer cases present in young women (younger than 40 years as defined by oncology literature). Breast cancer in young women is often defined to be aggressive in nature, usually of high histological grade at the time of diagnosis and negative for endocrine receptors with poor overall survival rate. Several researchers have attributed this aggressive nature to a hidden unique biology. However, findings in this aspect remain controversial. Thus, in this article, we aimed to review published work addressing somatic mutations, chromosome copy number variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms, differential gene expression, microRNAs and gene methylation profile of early-onset breast cancer, as well as its altered pathways resulting from those aberrations. Distinct biology behind early-onset of breast cancer was clear among estrogen receptor-positive and sporadic cases. However, further research is needed to determine and validate specific novel markers, which may help in customizing therapy for this group of patients. MDPI 2021-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC8000244/ /pubmed/33807872 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030372 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Siddig, Alaa
Tengku Din, Tengku Ahmad Damitri Al-Astani
Mohd Nafi, Siti Norasikin
Yahya, Maya Mazuwin
Sulong, Sarina
Wan Abdul Rahman, Wan Faiziah
The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer
title The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer
title_full The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer
title_fullStr The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer
title_full_unstemmed The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer
title_short The Unique Biology behind the Early Onset of Breast Cancer
title_sort unique biology behind the early onset of breast cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000244/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807872
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12030372
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