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Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic

Kaolin, theoretically known as having low reactivity during geopolymerization, was used as a source of aluminosilicate materials in this study. Due to this concern, it is challenging to directly produce kaolin geopolymers without pre-treatment. The addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (G...

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Autores principales: Jamil, Noorina Hidayu, Abdullah, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri, Pa, Faizul Che, Mohamad, Hasmaliza, Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Arif W., Amonpattaratkit, Penphitcha, Gondro, Joanna, Sochacki, Wojciech, Ibrahim, Norfadhilah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801862
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061325
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author Jamil, Noorina Hidayu
Abdullah, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri
Pa, Faizul Che
Mohamad, Hasmaliza
Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Arif W.
Amonpattaratkit, Penphitcha
Gondro, Joanna
Sochacki, Wojciech
Ibrahim, Norfadhilah
author_facet Jamil, Noorina Hidayu
Abdullah, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri
Pa, Faizul Che
Mohamad, Hasmaliza
Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Arif W.
Amonpattaratkit, Penphitcha
Gondro, Joanna
Sochacki, Wojciech
Ibrahim, Norfadhilah
author_sort Jamil, Noorina Hidayu
collection PubMed
description Kaolin, theoretically known as having low reactivity during geopolymerization, was used as a source of aluminosilicate materials in this study. Due to this concern, it is challenging to directly produce kaolin geopolymers without pre-treatment. The addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) accelerated the geopolymerization process. Kaolin–GGBS geopolymer ceramic was prepared at a low sintering temperature due to the reaction of the chemical composition during the initial stage of geopolymerization. The objective of this work was to study the influence of the chemical composition towards sintering temperature of sintered kaolin–GGBS geopolymer. Kaolin–GGBS geopolymer was prepared with a ratio of solid to liquid 2:1 and cured at 60 °C for 14 days. The cured geopolymer was sintered at different temperatures: 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. Sintering at 900 °C resulted in the highest compressive strength due to the formation of densified microstructure, while higher sintering temperature led to the formation of interconnected pores. The difference in the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra was related to the phases obtained from the X-ray diffraction analysis, such as akermanite and anothite. Thermal analysis indicated the stability of sintered kaolin–GGBS geopolymer when exposed to 1100 °C, proving that kaolin can be directly used without heat treatment in geopolymers. The geopolymerization process facilitates the stability of cured samples when directly sintered, as well as plays a significant role as a self-fluxing agent to reduce the sintering temperature when producing sintered kaolin–GGBS geopolymers.
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spelling pubmed-80005332021-03-28 Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic Jamil, Noorina Hidayu Abdullah, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Pa, Faizul Che Mohamad, Hasmaliza Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Arif W. Amonpattaratkit, Penphitcha Gondro, Joanna Sochacki, Wojciech Ibrahim, Norfadhilah Materials (Basel) Article Kaolin, theoretically known as having low reactivity during geopolymerization, was used as a source of aluminosilicate materials in this study. Due to this concern, it is challenging to directly produce kaolin geopolymers without pre-treatment. The addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) accelerated the geopolymerization process. Kaolin–GGBS geopolymer ceramic was prepared at a low sintering temperature due to the reaction of the chemical composition during the initial stage of geopolymerization. The objective of this work was to study the influence of the chemical composition towards sintering temperature of sintered kaolin–GGBS geopolymer. Kaolin–GGBS geopolymer was prepared with a ratio of solid to liquid 2:1 and cured at 60 °C for 14 days. The cured geopolymer was sintered at different temperatures: 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C. Sintering at 900 °C resulted in the highest compressive strength due to the formation of densified microstructure, while higher sintering temperature led to the formation of interconnected pores. The difference in the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra was related to the phases obtained from the X-ray diffraction analysis, such as akermanite and anothite. Thermal analysis indicated the stability of sintered kaolin–GGBS geopolymer when exposed to 1100 °C, proving that kaolin can be directly used without heat treatment in geopolymers. The geopolymerization process facilitates the stability of cured samples when directly sintered, as well as plays a significant role as a self-fluxing agent to reduce the sintering temperature when producing sintered kaolin–GGBS geopolymers. MDPI 2021-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8000533/ /pubmed/33801862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061325 Text en © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jamil, Noorina Hidayu
Abdullah, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri
Pa, Faizul Che
Mohamad, Hasmaliza
Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Arif W.
Amonpattaratkit, Penphitcha
Gondro, Joanna
Sochacki, Wojciech
Ibrahim, Norfadhilah
Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
title Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
title_full Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
title_fullStr Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
title_full_unstemmed Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
title_short Self-Fluxing Mechanism in Geopolymerization for Low-Sintering Temperature of Ceramic
title_sort self-fluxing mechanism in geopolymerization for low-sintering temperature of ceramic
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801862
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061325
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