Harnessing the Benefits of Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the U.S. While various studies have shown the beneficial impact of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-releasing drugs, few have demonstrated the influence of endogenous H(2)S production. Modulating the predominant enzymatic sources of H(2)S—cystathionine-β-synthase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase—is an emerging and promising research area. This review frames the discussion of harnessing endogenous H(2)S within the context of a non-ischemic form of cardiomyopathy, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Also, we examine the current literature around therapeutic interventions, such as intermittent fasting and exercise, that stimulate H(2)S production.