Cargando…

Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review

Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with refe...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jîtcă, George, Ősz, Bianca E., Tero-Vescan, Amelia, Vari, Camil E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33806320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030381
_version_ 1783671076507615232
author Jîtcă, George
Ősz, Bianca E.
Tero-Vescan, Amelia
Vari, Camil E.
author_facet Jîtcă, George
Ősz, Bianca E.
Tero-Vescan, Amelia
Vari, Camil E.
author_sort Jîtcă, George
collection PubMed
description Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as “bath salts”, amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8000782
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80007822021-03-28 Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review Jîtcă, George Ősz, Bianca E. Tero-Vescan, Amelia Vari, Camil E. Antioxidants (Basel) Review Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as “bath salts”, amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets. MDPI 2021-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8000782/ /pubmed/33806320 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030381 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Jîtcă, George
Ősz, Bianca E.
Tero-Vescan, Amelia
Vari, Camil E.
Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review
title Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review
title_full Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review
title_fullStr Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review
title_full_unstemmed Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review
title_short Psychoactive Drugs—From Chemical Structure to Oxidative Stress Related to Dopaminergic Neurotransmission. A Review
title_sort psychoactive drugs—from chemical structure to oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000782/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33806320
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030381
work_keys_str_mv AT jitcageorge psychoactivedrugsfromchemicalstructuretooxidativestressrelatedtodopaminergicneurotransmissionareview
AT oszbiancae psychoactivedrugsfromchemicalstructuretooxidativestressrelatedtodopaminergicneurotransmissionareview
AT terovescanamelia psychoactivedrugsfromchemicalstructuretooxidativestressrelatedtodopaminergicneurotransmissionareview
AT varicamile psychoactivedrugsfromchemicalstructuretooxidativestressrelatedtodopaminergicneurotransmissionareview