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Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours

Autophagy is a degradative process occurring in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and cell survival. After stressful conditions including nutrient deprivation, hypoxia or drugs administration, autophagy is induced to counteract pathways that could lead to cell death. In cancer, autophagy play...

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Autores principales: Gatto, Francesca, Milletti, Giacomo, Carai, Andrea, Mastronuzzi, Angela, Nazio, Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803216
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030481
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author Gatto, Francesca
Milletti, Giacomo
Carai, Andrea
Mastronuzzi, Angela
Nazio, Francesca
author_facet Gatto, Francesca
Milletti, Giacomo
Carai, Andrea
Mastronuzzi, Angela
Nazio, Francesca
author_sort Gatto, Francesca
collection PubMed
description Autophagy is a degradative process occurring in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and cell survival. After stressful conditions including nutrient deprivation, hypoxia or drugs administration, autophagy is induced to counteract pathways that could lead to cell death. In cancer, autophagy plays a paradoxical role, acting both as tumour suppressor—by cleaning cells from damaged organelles and inhibiting inflammation or, alternatively, by promoting genomic stability and tumour adaptive response—or as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cells from stresses such as chemotherapy. Neural-derived paediatric solid tumours represent a variety of childhood cancers with unique anatomical location, cellular origins, and clinical presentation. These tumours are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children and new molecular diagnostics and therapies are necessary for longer survival and reduced morbidity. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how autophagy modulation exhibits antitumor properties in experimental models of paediatric brain tumours, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), paediatric low-grade and high-grade gliomas (LGGs, HGGs), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs), and retinoblastoma (RB). We also discuss clinical perspectives to consider how targeting autophagy may be relevant in these specific paediatric tumours.
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spelling pubmed-80008992021-03-28 Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours Gatto, Francesca Milletti, Giacomo Carai, Andrea Mastronuzzi, Angela Nazio, Francesca Diagnostics (Basel) Review Autophagy is a degradative process occurring in eukaryotic cells to maintain homeostasis and cell survival. After stressful conditions including nutrient deprivation, hypoxia or drugs administration, autophagy is induced to counteract pathways that could lead to cell death. In cancer, autophagy plays a paradoxical role, acting both as tumour suppressor—by cleaning cells from damaged organelles and inhibiting inflammation or, alternatively, by promoting genomic stability and tumour adaptive response—or as a pro-survival mechanism to protect cells from stresses such as chemotherapy. Neural-derived paediatric solid tumours represent a variety of childhood cancers with unique anatomical location, cellular origins, and clinical presentation. These tumours are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children and new molecular diagnostics and therapies are necessary for longer survival and reduced morbidity. Here, we review advances in our understanding of how autophagy modulation exhibits antitumor properties in experimental models of paediatric brain tumours, i.e., medulloblastoma (MB), ependymoma (EPN), paediatric low-grade and high-grade gliomas (LGGs, HGGs), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (ATRTs), and retinoblastoma (RB). We also discuss clinical perspectives to consider how targeting autophagy may be relevant in these specific paediatric tumours. MDPI 2021-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8000899/ /pubmed/33803216 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030481 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Gatto, Francesca
Milletti, Giacomo
Carai, Andrea
Mastronuzzi, Angela
Nazio, Francesca
Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours
title Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_full Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_fullStr Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_full_unstemmed Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_short Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Paediatric Brain Tumours
title_sort recent advances in understanding the role of autophagy in paediatric brain tumours
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8000899/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33803216
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030481
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