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Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation
The aim is to develop a machine learning prediction model for the diagnosis of glaucoma and an explanation system for a specific prediction. Clinical data of the patients based on a visual field test, a retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL OCT) test, a general examination inc...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001225/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030510 |
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author | Oh, Sejong Park, Yuli Cho, Kyong Jin Kim, Seong Jae |
author_facet | Oh, Sejong Park, Yuli Cho, Kyong Jin Kim, Seong Jae |
author_sort | Oh, Sejong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim is to develop a machine learning prediction model for the diagnosis of glaucoma and an explanation system for a specific prediction. Clinical data of the patients based on a visual field test, a retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL OCT) test, a general examination including an intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and fundus photography were provided for the feature selection process. Five selected features (variables) were used to develop a machine learning prediction model. The support vector machine, C5.0, random forest, and XGboost algorithms were tested for the prediction model. The performance of the prediction models was tested with 10-fold cross-validation. Statistical charts, such as gauge, radar, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), were used to explain the prediction case. All four models achieved similarly high diagnostic performance, with accuracy values ranging from 0.903 to 0.947. The XGboost model is the best model with an accuracy of 0.947, sensitivity of 0.941, specificity of 0.950, and AUC of 0.945. Three statistical charts were established to explain the prediction based on the characteristics of the XGboost model. Higher diagnostic performance was achieved with the XGboost model. These three statistical charts can help us understand why the machine learning model produces a specific prediction result. This may be the first attempt to apply “explainable artificial intelligence” to eye disease diagnosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8001225 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80012252021-03-28 Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation Oh, Sejong Park, Yuli Cho, Kyong Jin Kim, Seong Jae Diagnostics (Basel) Article The aim is to develop a machine learning prediction model for the diagnosis of glaucoma and an explanation system for a specific prediction. Clinical data of the patients based on a visual field test, a retinal nerve fiber layer optical coherence tomography (RNFL OCT) test, a general examination including an intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and fundus photography were provided for the feature selection process. Five selected features (variables) were used to develop a machine learning prediction model. The support vector machine, C5.0, random forest, and XGboost algorithms were tested for the prediction model. The performance of the prediction models was tested with 10-fold cross-validation. Statistical charts, such as gauge, radar, and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP), were used to explain the prediction case. All four models achieved similarly high diagnostic performance, with accuracy values ranging from 0.903 to 0.947. The XGboost model is the best model with an accuracy of 0.947, sensitivity of 0.941, specificity of 0.950, and AUC of 0.945. Three statistical charts were established to explain the prediction based on the characteristics of the XGboost model. Higher diagnostic performance was achieved with the XGboost model. These three statistical charts can help us understand why the machine learning model produces a specific prediction result. This may be the first attempt to apply “explainable artificial intelligence” to eye disease diagnosis. MDPI 2021-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8001225/ /pubmed/33805685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030510 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Oh, Sejong Park, Yuli Cho, Kyong Jin Kim, Seong Jae Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation |
title | Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation |
title_full | Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation |
title_fullStr | Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation |
title_full_unstemmed | Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation |
title_short | Explainable Machine Learning Model for Glaucoma Diagnosis and Its Interpretation |
title_sort | explainable machine learning model for glaucoma diagnosis and its interpretation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8001225/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030510 |
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